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Unit Plan
Annenberg Foundation

Annenberg Learner: American Passages: Cabeza De Vaca

For Students 9th - 10th
Explorer Cabeza de Vaca is considered the first true Chicano writer, having been born in Spain and then absorbed into the Native American culture, highlighting this new culture in his writings. Click on "Cabeza de Vaca Activities" for...
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Primary
University of Groningen

American History: Documents: The Charter of New England 1620

For Students 9th - 10th
View the complete text of the 1620 British Charter for the settlement of New England granting authority to colonize and govern.
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Website
American Cancer Society

American Cancer Society: Stay Healthy

For Students 9th - 10th
This large site from the American Cancer Society offers comprehensive information on many kinds of cancer. From the left navigation bar, click to Prevention, Early Detection, Nutrition and Prevention, or Environmental Risks.
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Website
Library of Congress

Loc: African American Mosaic: Liberia

For Students 9th - 10th
This website from the Library of Congress has primary source documents and pictures concerning the development of Liberia as a country for freed slaves in Africa. There are links to other areas on the Library of Congress website.
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: Anglo Amer. Colonization in Texas: Texas 1821 1836

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes the clash of cultures among the different groups living in Texas between 1821 and 1836, in the lead-up to Texas independence.
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Article
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: Anglo Amer. Colonization in Texas: Texas 1836 1848

For Students 9th - 10th
A brief look at the declaration of independence from Mexico by Texas in 1836, the removal of restrictions on slavery, and how this dramatically increased the population and led to a much greater reliance on the cotton industry in the...
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Article
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: Colonization in Texas: Cultivation of Cotton and Wheat

For Students 9th - 10th
Discusses the cotton economy in the Lower and Upper South of Texas in the 1800s, and the role transportation played in its growth, or lack thereof in some regions. Wheat was more widely grown in the Upper South where the yeomen farmed.
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Website
Then Again

Then Again: Web Chron: Liberia Is Founded by Freed Slaves

For Students 9th - 10th
Read how the nation of Liberia was founded by freed slaves as a result of the end of the transatlantic slave trade and the efforts of the American Colonization Society (ACS).
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Article
A&E Television

History.com: History on a Plate: How Native American Diets Shifted After European Colonization

For Students 9th - 10th
For centuries, Indigenous people's diets were totally based on what could be harvested locally. Then white settlers arrived from Europe. Native people pass down information - including food traditions - from one generation to the next...
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Website
American Cancer Society

American Cancer Society: Colorectal Cancer

For Students 9th - 10th
After reading about the functions and jobs of a healthy colon and rectum, read about what happens when these parts of the human body become afflicted with cancer.
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Handout
Grammarly

Grammarly Blog: Capitalization:first Word After Colon if It Begins a Sentence

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
This page explains the rules for capitalizing the first word after a colon if it is an independent clause. It also says this rule varies between British and American English and by style format. Examples are provided.
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Activity
Read Works

Read Works: Colonization & Revolutionary War: Valley Forge

For Teachers 4th
[Free Registration/Login Required] An informational text about Valley Forge and the American Revolution. A question sheet is available to help students build skills in reading comprehension.
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Graphic
A&E Television

History.com: Native American History Timeline

For Students 9th - 10th
As explorers sought to colonize their land, Native Americans responded in various stages, from cooperation to indignation to revolt. The timeline begins in 1492 with the arrival of Christopher Columbus and ends on March 15, 2021:...
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Primary
Patrick McSherry

Spanish American War Centennial: The Attempt to Raise the Cristobal Colon

For Students 9th - 10th
Spanish-American War era newspaper article on the attempts to raise the wrecked ship, Cristobal Colon, whiched proved a failure. Links to photos of the undersea divable ruins of the ship shows what it looks like today.
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Handout
US National Archives

Nara: American Originals:exploring the Southwest: Don Diego De Vargas

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the National Archives and Records Administration, describes the colonization of the United States by the Spanish. Learn about Don Diego de Vargas, read his will, and view a photo of the area he colonized.
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Unit Plan
CommonLit

Common Lit: "Little Things Are Big" by Jesus Colon

For Students 5th - 7th
A learning module that begins with "Little Things Are Big" by Jesus Colon, accompanied by guided reading questions, assessment questions, and discussion questions. The text can be printed as a PDF or assigned online through free teacher...
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Article
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Indian Relations, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
One modern historical assessment and several original accounts of the mistrust, negotiations, alliances, trading, and disease transmission between European colonizers and native peoples in North America.
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Article
A&E Television

History.com: Po'pay: The Little Known Pueblo Hero Who Led the First American Revolution

For Students 9th - 10th
Nearly 100 years before the American Revolution, another war of independence took place on American soil -- against Spanish colonizers. Coordinated by Tewa leader Po'Pay, the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 saved Indigenous cultures from...
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eBook
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: Unanticipated Changes Lead to War

For Students 9th - 10th
Essay on the devastating changes the indigenous peoples of North America faced as Europeans encroached upon and colonized their land.
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Handout
Other

American Journeys: Popham's Expedition to Maine, 1607 1608

For Students 9th - 10th
An account of the first English colony in New England, Sagahadoc. To access the document itself, click on"Read This Document." Although unsuccessful, it provided valuable information for later colonization.
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Activity
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: Nieuw Amsterdam

For Students 9th - 10th
This site lists the reasons why the Dutch trading companies were slower in colonization than the other New World countries.
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Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Native American Society on the Eve of British Colonization

For Students 5th - 8th
This is a brief overview of the Native American cultures, languages, and diversity amont the many tribes that lived in North America prior to European contact.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Making of African American Identity: Emigration

For Students 9th - 10th
Proposals for and arguments against the emigration of blacks to Haiti and to Africa during the mid-nineteenth century. The struggle of African Americans, such as Martin Delany, to determine the appropriate course of action with this...
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eBook
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: The Debate Over the Morality Question

For Students 9th - 10th
Essay discussion about the 15th Century debate that went on among Europeans during the time of conquest concerning the morality of conquering the indigenous American people.

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