University of Groningen
American History: Outlines: Native American Cultures
The America that greeted the first Europeans was, thus, far from an empty wilderness. It is now thought that as many people lived in the Western Hemisphere as in Western Europe at that time -- about 40 million. Estimates of the number of...
Other
Bringing History Home: Native American History
This 5th grade unit is an introduction to Native American history in the 19th and 20th centuries. The lessons focus on U.S. government policies that have determined the official relationship between the government and Native American...
A&E Television
History.com: Native American History Timeline
Before Christopher Columbus came to America, the expansive territory was inhabited by Native Americans. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, as more explorers sought to colonize their land, Native Americans responded in various...
A&E Television
History.com: History on a Plate: How Native American Diets Shifted After European Colonization
For centuries, Indigenous people's diets were totally based on what could be harvested locally. Then white settlers arrived from Europe. Native people pass down information - including food traditions - from one generation to the next...
A&E Television
History.com: Native American History Timeline
As explorers sought to colonize their land, Native Americans responded in various stages, from cooperation to indignation to revolt. The timeline begins in 1492 with the arrival of Christopher Columbus and ends on March 15, 2021:...
Other
American Journeys: French and English Approaches to Exploration [Pdf]
A lengthy lesson plan that examines French and English approaches to exploration and colonization in reference to religious factors. Using primary sources from French missionary Gabriel Sagard and Wiliam Bradford, first governor of...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Native American Society on the Eve of British Colonization
This is a brief overview of the Native American cultures, languages, and diversity amont the many tribes that lived in North America prior to European contact.
Library of Congress
Loc: American Memory: Colonial Settlement 1600s 1763
The settlement of the colonies in America is the focus of this article. The course of events is divided into topics and time periods, making it easier to understand. Note is made of the effects to the already present Native Americans as...
Annenberg Foundation
Annenberg Learner: American Passages: Bartolome De Las Casas
This resource features Native American activist, Bartolome de las Casas, one of the first Europeans to speak on cruelty directed towards the Native Americans. Click on "Bartolome de las Casas Activites" for related artifacts and activities.
Annenberg Foundation
Annenberg Learner: American Passages: Cabeza De Vaca
Explorer Cabeza de Vaca is considered the first true Chicano writer, having been born in Spain and then absorbed into the Native American culture, highlighting this new culture in his writings. Click on "Cabeza de Vaca Activities" for...
Library of Congress
Loc: American Memory Timeline: Colonial Settlement,1600s 1763
Read about the colonization in the New World by many European countries. Hyperlinks to you to more specific topics.
Other
Bringing History Home: Communities Long Ago
This Grade 1 unit explores U.S. communities in a historical context. By exploring their own community's buildings and services of both long ago and today, children in non-Native American communities are introduced to concepts of change,...
Other
The Fur Trade: Its Impact on Native America
Information on the fur trade and its impact on Native Americans. The demands of the Europeans for fur increased competition among the Native American groups. It changed the character of warfare among Native American populations and...
Other
Cabrillo College: An Introduction to California's Native People: Missionization
This site discusses the mission movement in California and its effect on the Native Americans. Timeline of the missions' founding is also provided.
Louisiana Department of Education
Louisiana Doe: Louisiana Believes: Social Studies: Grade 5: Early Colonization of North America
This sample task contains a set of primary and authentic sources about the early colonization of North America.
Annenberg Foundation
Annenberg Learner: America's History in the Making: Mapping Initial Encounters
Columbus' arrival laid the basis for encounters between Europeans, Native Americans, and Africans. This unit examines how these contacts altered the way of life of peoples around the globe.
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Indian Relations, American Beginnings: 1492 1690
One modern historical assessment and several original accounts of the mistrust, negotiations, alliances, trading, and disease transmission between European colonizers and native peoples in North America.
University of Groningen
American History: Essays: Unanticipated Changes Lead to War
Essay on the devastating changes the indigenous peoples of North America faced as Europeans encroached upon and colonized their land.
University of Groningen
American History: Essays: The Debate Over the Morality Question
Essay discussion about the 15th Century debate that went on among Europeans during the time of conquest concerning the morality of conquering the indigenous American people.
Library of Congress
Loc: Prints and Photographs Online Catalog
This online catalog offers thousands of primary source photographs and prints from around the world.
Other
Exploring the Atlantic World: 1450 1850: Conversion Tactics
The Europeans tried to convert Native Americans to Christianity in a variety of ways ranging from the brutal force methods of the conquistadors to acceptance of the other's spirituality and way of life.
Digital History
Digital History: The Southernmost Colonies: The Carolinas and Georgia
Read about the colonization of the Carolinas and Georgia, find out about the role of slavery in those colonies, and see how the Native Americans were treated.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Stephen Austin to Head of Civil Affairs
See a letter by Stephen F. Austin in which Austin reports on a group of Comanches and Tawakonis attacked a settlement. Includes images of the original letter and a summary of the document's contents.
Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media
Teaching History: The New World: A Stage for Cultural Interaction
During European colonization, how did the French, Spanish, and Dutch view the Native Americans and how did their interaction differ? What affect did their interaction have on colonization?