Michael Blaber, PhD
Florida State University: Basic Concepts of Covalent Bonding: Covalent Bonding
Good introduction and graphics make this a solid page for understanding the orbital role in bonding and molecular geometry. The author is a professor at Florida State University.
Davidson College
Davidson College: Molecular Orbitals of Tetraamminecopper(ii)
A Java applet displays the Ligand Field Theory energy diagram for the Tetraamminecopper(II) ion. When an orbital in the diagram is clicked on, the isosurface is shown.
Davidson College
Davidson College: Sizes of Atomic Orbitals
Using a Java applet, sets of atomic orbitals are compared with different quantum numbers in order to compare the orbital sizes.
Davidson College
Davidson College: Visualization of Atomic Orbitals: P Orbitals
Discusses the geometry of the p orbitals and presents exercises for exploring their shape and orientations. Requires Java.
Davidson College
Davidson College: Visualization of Atomic Orbitals
Discusses the geometry of the d orbitals and presents exercises for exploring their shape and orientations. Requires Java.
Davidson College
Davidson College: Effective Nuclear Charge
Explains what Slater rules are and presents exercises for exploring how they are used to estimate the effective nuclear charge and how well they work compared to the Bohr model expression for orbital sizes. Requires Java.
Davidson College
Davidson College: Effective Nuclear Charge
Explains what the effective nuclear charge is and how electrons can create a shield between a nucleus and an outer electron. Presents exercises for comparing orbital sizes with effective nuclear charges. Requires Java.
Davidson College
Davidson College: Visualization of Atomic Orbitals: S Orbitals
Discusses the geometry of the s orbitals and presents exercises for exploring their shape and orientations. Requires Java.
Davidson College
Davidson College: Molecular Orbitals of Ammonia
A Java applet shows a molecular orbital representation of ammonia. When an orbital in the diagram is clicked on, the isosurface is shown. The orbitals for other molecules can be accessed through links at the bottom of the page.
Davidson College
Davidson College: Molecular Orbitals of Diamminesilver(i)
A Java applet displays the Ligand Field Theory energy diagram for the Diamminesilver(I) ion. When an orbital in the diagram is clicked on, the isosurface is shown.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy: The Periodic Table, Electron Shells, and Orbitals
The Bohr model and atomic orbitals. Using an element's position in the periodic table to predict its properties, electron configuration, and reactivity.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy: Physical Processes: Electronic Structure: Electron Configurations Article
Electron configurations are a simple way of writing down the locations of all of the electrons in an atom. This article describes how this works.
Chiral Publishing
Chiral Publishing: An Introduction to Chemistry: Abbreviated Electron Configurations Help
This section from the online textbook "An Introduction to Chemistry" provides helpful hints to writing abbreviated electron configurations. Also learn how to look up the atom's outer shell electrons.
Chiral Publishing
Chiral Publishing: An Introduction to Chemistry: Elements With Unexpected Electron Configurations
This section of the online textbook "An Introduction to Chemistry", shows the unexpected electron configurations of six elements. A chart compares their predicted configurations with their actual configurations. Also find links to...
University of Maryland
Um: Quantum Mechanics of One and Two Electron Atoms
An explanation of Hund's rule and how to apply it to quantum mechanics. A mathematical-based explanation.
University of Kentucky
University of Kentucky: Hydrogen Like Orbitals
Good site for viewing atomic orbitals. Click on an energy level and you get a simulated three dimensional image of the orbitals.
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University: Key Questions
A quiz on chemical bonding and valence electrons.
University of Colorado
University of Colorado: Physics 2000: The Pauli Exclusion Principle
This site from the University of Colorado at Boulder has great information on the Pauli Exclusion Principle. Pictures are provided along with links to additional information. The information provided is not in-depth and it is...
University of Colorado
University of Colorado: Physics 2000: Periodic Table: Valences and the Periodic Table
The periodic table was laid out using valences or the electrons in the outermost shell.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: What Is an Orbital?
Acting as part of an overview on quantum theory, this section of the site deals with electrons and orbitals. In addition to explain what an orbital is, the site explains the movement of the electron in relation to the nucleus.
Other
Monterey Peninsula College: Pi Bond
Monterey Peninsula College faculty page simply shows a 3-D image of a Pi bonding orbital. Requires the CHIME plug-in
Other
Chemtopics: Atomic Orbitals & Electron Configurations [Pdf]
Solutions to the Schrodinger wave equation give four types of atomic orbitals. Explanation of how quantum numbers specify these orbitals.
University of Colorado
University of Colorado: Physics 2000: Origin of the Periodic Table: Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are defined in terms of electron configuration.
Sophia Learning
Sophia: Quantum Numbers: Lesson 2
This lesson will introduce quantum numbers, their symbols, and what they represent. It is 2 of 3 in the series titled "Quantum Numbers."