+
Primary
Mount Holyoke College

Hippo Campus: Excerpt From "The Significance of the Frontier in American History"

For Students 9th - 10th
Read an excerpt from "The Significance of the Frontier in American History" by Frederick Jackson Turner.
+
Handout
Other

The Gold Rush: Fantastic Facts

For Students 3rd - 8th
This resource provides information about the Gold Rush.
+
Activity
PBS

Pbs Teachers: Scientific American: Wild Places: Growing Prairie

For Teachers 3rd - 8th
Explore efforts to return parts of the American prairie using controlled cultivation and grazing. Compare and contrast the effects of various levels of ground shade on new seedlings.
+
Website
Other

The Oregon Trail: Fantastic Facts About the Oregon Trail

For Students 9th - 10th
This resource provides quirky facts about the Oregon Trail.
+
Lesson Plan
National Endowment for the Humanities

Neh: Edsit Ement: On the Oregon Trail

For Teachers 9th - 10th
In this lesson plan, students will consider On the Oregon Trail. Worksheets and other supporting materials can be found under the Resources tab.
+
Primary
Ibis Communications

Eye Witness to History; Crossing the Plains, 1865

For Students 9th - 10th
Article offers the diaries of Sarah Raymond as she treks across the Great Plains. Describes the many hardships encountered on this long journey.
+
Graphic
Smithsonian Institution

Smithsonian American Art Museum: Lure of the West

For Students 9th - 10th
Beautiful artwork from the more famous artists who depicted the people, places and things of the American West.
+
Article
Other

Global Security: 54 40 or Fight

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes the significant territorial changes that took place in the United States under the presidency of James K. Polk. These included the annexation of Texas, the settling of the dispute with Great Britain over claims to Oregon...
+
PPT
Tom Richey

Tom Richey: Conquest of the American West

For Students 9th - 10th
This PowerPoint presentation will thoroughly illustrate the significant role the transcontinental railroad played in the economic and cultural development of the nation as it expanded west. What did the political leadership of the nation...
+
Website
Other

History of Louisiana Under 10 Flags

For Students 9th - 10th
This site offers a timeline history of the disputed territory now known as the state of Louisiana. Make sure you view all three pages of this presentation.
+
Website
Other

History of Louisiana Under 10 Flags

For Students 9th - 10th
This site offers a timeline history of the disputed territory now known as the state of Louisiana. Make sure you view all three pages of this presentation.
+
Activity
Other

Californians and the Military: John Charles Fremont and the Bear Flag Revolt

For Students 3rd - 8th
A brief retelling of John C. Fremont's expedition to California. Learn about his confrontation with Mexican authorities that led to the Bear Flag Revolt.
+
Unknown Type
Polk Brothers Foundation Center for Urban Education at DePaul University

De Paul University: Center for Urban Education: The Difficult Journey [Pdf]

For Students 4th - 5th
"The Difficult Journey" is a one page, fictional, reading passage about the hardships of a family moving west in a wagon train. It is followed by constructed-response questions which require students to provide evidence from the story;...
+
Unknown Type
Polk Brothers Foundation Center for Urban Education at DePaul University

De Paul University: Center for Urban Education: The Gulls of Salt Lake [Pdf]

For Students 4th - 5th Standards
"The Gulls of Salt Lake" is a one page, fictional, reading passage about a group of early settlers who had endured the hardships of traveling west and planted crops in the fertile soid, only to be invaded by swarms of crickets. Just when...
+
Unknown Type
Polk Brothers Foundation Center for Urban Education at DePaul University

De Paul University: Center for Urban Education: Settlement Multiple Choice Questions [Pdf]

For Students 4th - 5th Standards
"Settlement with Multiple Choice Questions" is a one page, nonfiction, reading passage about the hardships of life of the prairie for the early settlers. It is followed by questions which require students to provide evidence from the...
+
Website
Other

Infrastructure: Back in Time: The National Road

For Students 9th - 10th
Read this essay about the National Road, its construction, and development of towns along its route.
+
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Gold in California

For Students 5th - 8th
The gold rush in California accelerated the western migration of thousands of young American men, who streamed into California to find riches. See who else arrived in California and find out what they did. In addition, there is a map...
+
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: The Missouri Compromise

For Students 5th - 8th
A good look at the issues debated about the admission of new states, particularly those that would be made from the Louisiana Purchase. Read about why the issue of allowing slavery in the new states was such a hard decision for Congress....
+
Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: The Importance of the West

For Students 5th - 8th
Westward migration, west of the Appalachians, resulted in a rapid population growth. Read about where the population exploded, and why the inland rivers were so important to the growth.
+
Handout
Curated OER

National Park Service: Fort Necessity National Battlefield: The National Road

For Students 9th - 10th
A discussion of the building of the National Road, its route, and importance to the opening of the West. From the National Park Service.
+
Website
Curated OER

National Park Service: Pony Express: History and Culture

For Students 9th - 10th
A good article from the National Park Service which recounts the history of the brief existence of the Pony Express. Read about the route, what caused the demise of the Pony Express, and what part of the trail can still be seen.
+
Handout
Library of Congress

Loc: Today in History: January 31: John C. Fremont: The Pathfinder

For Students 9th - 10th
A biography of a colorful but controversial character of the West, a candidate for president of the United States, and major-general during the Civil War.
+
Lesson Plan
US National Archives

Docsteach: Reasons for Westward Expansion

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Learners will examine a variety of documents that reference reasons why Americans living in the East migrated west of the Mississippi immediately before, during, and right after the Civil War. Documents cover the mining industry, new...
+
Lesson Plan
US National Archives

Docsteach: The Impact of Westward Expansion on Native American Groups

For Teachers 9th - 10th
In this activity, students will examine the impact of westward expansion and settlement on Native American groups following the Civil War. Students will explore a variety of documents to get a sense of the issues faced by Native...