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Website
Other

United States Naval Academy: Papacy and Empire

For Students 9th - 10th
This comprehensive summary details the history of the strained relationship between the kings and popes during the time period of 955-1356. Their fight for dominance is outlined by date with primary source documents, pictures, artwork,...
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Handout
Catholic Online

Catholic Online: Pope Leo Ix

For Students 9th - 10th
This site provides a very brief biography of Pope Leo IX.