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Website
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

Ucar: About Rainbows

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research provides an illustrated article about the phenomenon of rainbows.
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Website
University of Minnesota

University of Minnesota: Refraction of Light

For Students 9th - 10th
This page is a continuation of a tutorial about light reflection and refraction. It contains a diagram and suggestions on how to derive Snell's Law, which governs the refraction of light in a medium. For background to this derivation,...
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Website
University of Maryland

Optics Highlights: Optics, Electromagnetic Waves, Quanta

For Students 9th - 10th
Part of an anecdotal history on optics and the study of light. Extremely thorough treatment of the scientific evidence which led scientists to believe in the particle nature of light. Includes a short biographical sketch and discusses...
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Handout
Florida State University

Florida State University: Science, Optics & You: Willebrord Snell

For Students 9th - 10th
Biography of Willebrord Snell (1580-1626), a Dutch mathematician known best for his work in refractive indices.
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Article
Other

United States Master Swimming: Fiber Aquatics

For Students 9th - 10th
The principle of total internal reflection is discussed in this article. The appearance of objects from inside the water of a swimming pool is compared to the path of light in a fiber optic cable.
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Website
Harvard University

Web Science Resources: A Brief History of Optics

For Students 9th - 10th
This timeline compiles an enormous amount of historical information from the field of optics. From 300 BCE to the present, strategic experiments, findings, and theories are described.
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Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Willebrord Snell

For Students 9th - 10th
A fairly short biographical sketch of Willebrord Snell (1591-1626 CE). Discusses his upbringing, education and professional life.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Refraction of Light

For Students 9th - 10th
The meaning and cause of refraction--as well as Snell's law of refraction--are discussed. Includes an interactive problem-solving form in which visitors relate angles of refraction to the incident angle and the indices of refraction.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Science World: Snell, Willebrord

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from ScienceWorld provides a very short biographical sketch of Willebrord Snell (1591-1626 CE) and describes his most notable scientific discovery, the law of refraction. Links are provided for additional information as well.