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Article
Story Behind the Science

Story Behind the Science: Pendulum Motion, Time, and Shape of Earth [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th
Article outlining the scientific history behind the evolution of theories about measuring time based on the movement of a pendulum, and about how gravity would impact a pendulum's movement depending on one's proximity to the Earth's...
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Handout
University of St. Andrews (UK)

University of St. Andrews: Christiaan Huygens

For Students 9th - 10th
This University of St. Andrews site contains biographical information and findings of Christiaan Huygens.
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Website
European Space Agency

European Space Agency: Cassini Huygens

For Students 9th - 10th
This is the home page of the Huygens probe, which will be launched into Saturn's moon Titan's atmosphere.
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Handout
Rice University

Galileo Project: Christiaan Huygens

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from The Galileo Project of Rice University provides an outline of important facts about Chrisiaan Huygens. The topics collected include important dates, father information, nationality, education, religion, scientific...
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Website
University of Maryland

Optics Highlights: The Microscope

For Students 9th - 10th
Part of an anecdotal history of optics and the study of light. Extremely thorough treatment of the scientific findings and developments which led to the invention and refinement of the microscope. Includes a short biographical sketch and...
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Website
Other

Interplanetary Trajectory

For Students 9th - 10th
An anti-cassini site protesting its launch with over 72 pounds of deadly plutonium. Site was created prior to the Cassini launch in 1977, with minor editing after the launch.
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Website
Other

Propagation of Light Using Geometry

For Students 9th - 10th
A discussion of Christian Huygens' contribution to wave optics, and particularly to our understanding of the reflection and refraction of light. Excellent diagrams and a geometric proof on why the law of reflection is mathematically...
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Handout
Nobel Media AB

The Nobel Prize: The Dual Nature of Light as Reflected in the Nobel Archives

For Students 9th - 10th
This article discusses the historical figures who contributed to our understanding of the nature of light, x-rays, Quantum ElectroDynamic (QED) theory, and so on.
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Handout
Wolfram Research

Wolfram Science World: Huygens, Christiaan

For Students 9th - 10th
This ScienceWorld site provides a short biographical sketch of Christiaan Huygens and describes his most notable scientific discoveries and contributions. Links are provided throughout for additional information as well.
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Website
Harvard University

Web Science Resources: A Brief History of Optics

For Students 9th - 10th
This timeline compiles an enormous amount of historical information from the field of optics. From 300 BCE to the present, strategic experiments, findings, and theories are described.
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Website
NASA

Nasa: Cassini Huygens Mission

For Students 9th - 10th
NASA site surveys the satellite Cassini's mission to Saturn as well as the ejection of the Huygens probe.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Science World: Huygens, Christiaan

For Students 9th - 10th
This ScienceWorld site provides a short biographical sketch of Christiaan Huygens and describes his most notable scientific discoveries and contributions. Links are provided throughout for additional information as well.
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Graphic
Curated OER

University of St Andrews: Christiaan Huygens

For Students 9th - 10th
This University of St. Andrews site contains biographical information and findings of Christiaan Huygens.