US Department of State
Office of the Historian: The United States and the Haitian Revolution
Study the roots of the Haitian Revolution and the American response. Our policy shifted many times from 1791 until we recognized Haiti's independence in 1862. Read the following synopsis to better understand our ambivalence.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Historic Germantown: James Barron
A brief account of the encounter between the USS Chesapeake and the HMS Leopard. This page also explains Commodore James Barron's court martial after the incident with the Leopard.
Digital History
Digital History: The Eagle, the Tiger, and the Shark
A very brief discussion about how Napoleon's exploits in Europe affected American shipping and American sailors.