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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Tesla Coil 1891

For Students 9th - 10th
By the late 1800s, electricity had long been discovered and was no longer considered a novelty. The science of how to store, enhance, or transmit electrical current was just beginning to evolve, and eccentric scientist Nikola Tesla...
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Article
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Transatlantic Telegraph Cable 1858

For Students 9th - 10th
The main figure behind the first transatlantic telegraph knew very little about the science or engineering behind it, but was convinced that with it a fortune could be made. Read about these findings here.
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Sulfur Globe 1660

For Students 9th - 10th
In the 17th century, German scientist Otto von Guericke built and carried out experiments with a sulfur globe that produced static electricity.
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Steam Condensing Engine 1769

For Students 9th - 10th
Few inventions have affected human history as much as the steam engine. Without it, there would have been no locomotives, no steamers and no Industrial Revolution.
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Stanley Transformer 1886

For Students 9th - 10th
Applying discoveries Michael Faraday had made a few decades earlier, William Stanley designed the first commercial transformer for Westinghouse in 1886.
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Smoothing Iron 1882

For Students 9th - 10th
Although not as celebrated as many other scientific inventions, the smoothing iron has its own rich history of development stretching all the way from 400 B.C. to the present.
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Wheatstone Bridge 1843

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the device used for measuring resistance in a circuit which was discovered in 1843, but had been invented a decade earlier. The inventor's name was not Wheatstone.
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Walter Brattain (1902 1987)

For Students 9th - 10th
Walter Houser Brattain discovered the photo-effect that occurs at the free surface of a semiconductor and was co-creator of the point-contact transistor, which paved the way for the more advanced types of transistors that eventually...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Felix Bloch (1905 1983)

For Students 9th - 10th
Physicist Felix Bloch developed a non-destructive technique for precisely observing and measuring the magnetic properties of nuclear particles. He called his technique "nuclear induction," but nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) soon became...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Gerd Binnig

For Students 9th - 10th
Gerd Binnig co-developed the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) with Heinrich Rohrer. The STM allowed scientists entry into the atomic world in a new way and was a major advance in the field of nanotechnology. For their achievement,...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Georg Bednorz

For Students 9th - 10th
J. Georg Bednorz jointly revolutionized superconductivity research with K. Alex Muller by discovering an entirely new class of superconductors, often referred to as high-temperature superconductors. They managed to achieve...
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Unit Plan
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Andre Marie Ampere

For Students 9th - 10th
Although he was not the first person to observe a connection between electricity and magnetism, Andre-Marie Ampere was the first scientist to attempt to theoretically explain and mathematically describe the phenomenon. His contributions...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Zeeman Effect 1896

For Students 9th - 10th
Most of us have seen the rainbow-hued breakdown of the composition of light. Light is of course a form of energy. A magnetic field changes the behavior of light- a phenomenon known as the Zeeman effect.
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Unit Plan
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Wimshurst Machine 1880

For Students 9th - 10th
In the modern world, virtually everyone is familiar with electricity as an accessible, essential form of energy. In electricity's earlier days, scientists used the buildup and release of static electricity.
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Unit Plan
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Anders Celsius

For Students 9th - 10th
Anders Celsius is most familiar as the inventor of the temperature scale that bears his name. The Swedish astronomer, however, also is notable as the first person to make a connection between the radiant atmospheric phenomenon known as...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Willem Einthoven

For Students 9th - 10th
Willem Einthoven invented a string galvanometer that lead to the electrocardiogram, which measures heart activity. For his discovery, Einthoven was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1924.
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Paul Dirac

For Students 9th - 10th
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac was an outstanding twentieth century theoretical physicist whose work was fundamental to the development of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics jointly with...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Lee De Forest

For Students 9th - 10th
American inventor Lee De Forest was a pioneer of radio and motion pictures. He received more than 300 patents over the course of his lifetime, the most important of which was for a three-electrode vacuum tube, or triode, that he called...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Peter Debye

For Students 9th - 10th
Peter Debye carried out pioneering studies of molecular dipole moments, formulated theories of magnetic cooling and of electrolytic dissociation, and developed an X-ray diffraction technique for use with powdered, rather than...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Humphry Davy

For Students 9th - 10th
Humphry Davy was a pioneer in the field of electrochemistry who used electrolysis to isolate many elements from the compounds in which they occur naturally. Electrolysis is the process by which an electrolyte is altered or decomposed via...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: William Crookes

For Students 9th - 10th
English scientist William Crookes was very innovative in his investigations with vacuum tubes and designed a variety of different types to be used in his experimental work. Crookes tubes are glass vacuum chambers that contain a positive...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Eric Cornell

For Students 9th - 10th
Born in Palo Alto, California, and raised in Cambridge, Massachusetts - homes to Stanford and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, respectively - you could say Eric Cornell was destined to become a renowned scientist. And while he...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Leon Cooper

For Students 9th - 10th
Leon Cooper shared the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics with John Bardeen and Robert Schrieffer, with whom he developed the first widely accepted theory of superconductivity. Termed the BCS theory, it is heavily based on a phenomenon known as...
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: Heinrich Hertz

For Students 9th - 10th
The discovery of radio waves, which was widely seen as confirmation of James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory and paved the way for numerous advances in communication technology, was made by German physicist Heinrich Hertz. In the...