Curated OER
Understanding Treaties: Students Explore the Lives of Yakama People Before and After Treaties
Students analyze treaties made between the US government and Native American tribes. For this government lesson, students evaluate bias emotionally connect with what was gained and lost during the late 1700's. This is a 3 part lesson...
Curated OER
Diplomatic Misunderstandings: Indian Treaties and the Black Hawk War
High schoolers examine and discuss the U.S./Native American treaty process of the early 19th century. They write essays describing the events behind the 1804 and 1816 treaties, and their assessment of U.S. diplomatic interactions with...
Library of Congress
Loc: The Learning Page: Government Policy Toward Native Americans
How did the new government deal the Native Americans living in the Northwest Territory? Find out what the government did to keep the peace between the original inhabitants and the new settlers.
US National Archives
Our Documents: Treaty of Fort Laramie(1868)
Read and view a copy of the complete text of the treaty of Fort Laramie which recognized the Black Hills as part of the Sioux Reservation. Accompanying documentary explains how the treaty was broken as a result of the discovery of gold...
Other
New Mexico Office of State Historian: 1864 Navajo Long Walk to Bosque Redondo
Explains the military's attempts to stop Navajo raids and the eventual evacuation of the Navajo to Bosque Redondo, the Navajo Long Walk. Hyperlinks for additional information.
Annenberg Foundation
Annenberg Learner: America's History in the Making: Contested Territories
This site highlights the westward expansion of settlers in North America and the effects this expansion had on Native Americans between the Revolutionary and Civil Wars.
PBS
Wnet: Thirteen: Freedom: A History of Us: Whose Land Is This? Webisode 8
From Joy Hakim's marvelous set of books, A History of US, this webisode offers narrative, pictures, and teaching guides for the settling of the West after the Civil War.
Nebraska Studies
Nebraska Studies: Tribes in Nebraska Give Up Lands in Treaties
Review this discourse of the many treaties enacted between the settlers and Native Americans during the development of the Great Plains, the problems that arose, and the creation of reservations.
US National Archives
Nara: American Originals: Black Hills Treaty
This web page from the National Archives and Records Administration has a link to a copy of the actual Treaty of 1868, when the United States recognized Black Hills as part of the Great Sioux Reservation.
Alberta Online Encyclopedia
Alberta Online Encyclopedia: Crowfoot
The life of Crowfoot is profiled. As chief of the Blackfoot, he dedicated his life to the safety of his people. Learn more about his early life, the challenges he faced, and even his adopted son, Poundmaker.
PBS
Pbs Archives of the West: Dawes Act
The text of the famous Dawes Act of 1887 which attempted to provide allotment of lands to Native Americans.
Other
Canyon De Chelly: The Long Walk
An interesting compilation of information about the Navajo Long Walk as told to the author by his Navajo grandparents. Good insight into Navajo culture.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Massacre at Sand Creek
A sad recounting of one of the most brutal attacks on Indians during the Indian Wars. Read about the Sand Creek Massacre and the retaliation it prompted.
Other
Monticello: President Jefferson & the Indian Nations
This resource discusses how Thomas Jefferson sought to bind Native Americans to the United States through treaties for security reasons and how he tried to get the Indians to adapt to a way of life like the white settlers' way of life.
Glenbow Museum
Glenbow Museum: Blackfoot Culture and History
A good description of the culture of the Blackfoot from pre-contact to present time. Read about the importance of the buffalo and the treaties which took away the Blackfoot land.
Legends of America
Legends of America: Navajo Long Walk to the Bosque Redondo
This essay is about the Najavo Long Walk.
Utah Education Network
Uen: Manuelito's Role as a Leader
Manuelito's role as a leader can be discovered through this lesson plan as well as the treaty between the Navajo in Fort Sumner and the United States. This lesson explores the traditional Navajo life with our modern world's ways of living.
Nebraska Studies
Nebraska Studies: The Story of the Ponca: Broken Promises in Treaties
Part of a larger site, this page deals with the promises made by the U.S. government to the Ponca tribe, but were disregarded over the years.
Oklahoma State University
Oklahoma State University: Treaty With the Delawares, 1804
This site from the Oklahoma State University provides the text of the treaty made between the US government and the Delawares. This treaty was a response to the conditions made in the 1803 Treaty of Fort Wayne.
Other
Powerful People: Chief Joseph, Nez Perce (1840 1904)
Many strong and insightful quotes from Chief Joseph as well as a brief biography and picture.
Yale University
Avalon Project: Treaty With Kiowa, Comanche and Apache; Oct. 21, 1867
Actual text of the Medicine Lodge Treaty, which establishes an Apache reservation, promises to establish reservation schools and increases annual payments of money and supplies.
Other
New Mexico History Museum: The Long Walk of the Navajo and Mescalaro Indians
An account of the long walk of the Navajo to Bosque Redondo and Kit Carson's involvement in the relocation.
Other
Kickapoo History
A thorough look at the history and culture of the Kickapoo Indians from Pre-Columbian times to 1900.