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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: America in Class: America in the 1920s: Labor & Capital

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
The National Humanities Center presents collections of primary resources compatible with the Common Core State Standards - historical documents, literary texts, and works of art - thematically organized with notes and discussion...
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Handout
Victorian Web

Brown University: Victorian Web: Chadwick's Report on Sanitary Conditions

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Victorian Web provides a summary of Edwin Chadwick's report on the sanitary conditions of the working class in 19th century England. Links are also provided for additional information on this subject.
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Article
US Department of Labor

U.s. Department of Labor: Labor in the Industrial Era

For Students 9th - 10th
This interesting essay traces the growth of the Knights of Labor from a group that represented those in the shoe industry in Philadelphia to a nationwide union fighting for workers' rights. It also traces other union developments over...
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Primary
Harvard University

Harvard Univ. Library: The Tide of Immigration: The Alien Contract Labor Law

For Students 9th - 10th
This chapter from a 1916 book by Frank Julian Warne, titled The Tide of Immigration, outlines how the so-called native workers' jobs should be protected from the influx of immigrants. Read about the law that made it illegal for...
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Lesson Plan
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Houghton Mifflin Company: Teacher's Guide for Bread and Roses, Too

For Teachers 6th - 8th
Katherine Paterson writes historical fiction for middle school aged learners. This book on the Bread and Roses strike includes good factual information about the strike woven into a personal story. This teacher's guide is a handy...
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eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: Industrialization: Building Industrial America on the Backs of Labor

For Students 11th - 12th
Learn about the lives of the working class in Industrial America, what led to the formation of labor unions, and why labor unions were not successful despite strike actions.
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eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: Transformation in North 1800 50: Early Industrialization Northeast

For Students 11th - 12th
Examines the transformation of work from artisan-centered to a mechanized workforce. Looks at the emergence of industrialization and the impact it had on production and on the worker experience, the development of the consumer society,...
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Primary
Michigan State University

Michigan State University: Msu Libraries: Digital Collections: i.w.w.

For Students 9th - 10th
Primary source documents related to the Industrial Workers of the World, a labor union that grew out of the effects of industrialization on the workforce. All materials can be downloaded.
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Primary
Library of Congress

Loc: Working Conditions at the Westinghouse Works, 1904

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the progressive ideas the companies comprising the Westinghouse Works instituted in relation to their employees.
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Article
Other

Holmes Safety Association Bulletin: The Boys in the Breakers [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th
A heartbreaking account of child labor in the coal mines at the turn of the century - 1904. Click on the article title in the table of contents to read this account published in 1904 by Peter Roberts.
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Primary
University of Minnesota

The Fourteenth Amendment and the Rights Revolution: Muller v. Oregon

For Students 9th - 10th
In the Progressive Era many states passed laws to protect workers and establish decent working conditions. Read the text of Muller v. Oregon, heard before the Supreme Court in 1908, that upheld Oregon's laws as constitutional.
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Activity
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Progress: The Meaning of the Machine: Human Machines

For Students 9th - 10th
An excerpt from efficiency expert Frederick Winslow Taylor's The Principles of Scientific Management that describes how to make a human work like a machine; painter Thomas Anshutz's The Ironworkers' Noontime that suggests the cost of...
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Activity
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Progress: The Meaning of the Machine: The New Housekeeping

For Students 9th - 10th
An essay that urges women to bring the principles of scientific management found within industrial America into the home and housework.
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Handout
Curated OER

History Matters: A History of American Sweatshops, 1820 Present

For Students 9th - 10th
Called "Between a Rock and a Hard Place," this article details the history of American sweatshops. General information.
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Handout
Country Studies US

Country Studies: The Struggles of Labor

For Students 9th - 10th
This site discusses how for much of the latter half of the 1800s, the life of the common laborer was horrendous. Working in a unsanitary factory, for at least 10 hours a day, making far less than needed to survive, the struggles of the...
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Lesson Plan
National Endowment for the Humanities

Neh: Edsit Ement: The Industrial Age in America

For Teachers 9th - 10th Standards
In this lesson plan from EDSITEment, students will discuss the significance of the labor movement, the industrialists involved and the attitude of the American people toward working conditions in the United States. Contains links to many...
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Lesson Plan
Yale University

Yale New Haven Teachers Institute: Women at Work in Connecticut 1880 1920

For Teachers 9th - 10th
An extensive lesson plan examining the role of women in the workplace in Connecticut in the late 1800s through World War I. Discussion questions are included.
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Article
PBS

Pbs: History Detectives: The Early Labor Movement

For Students 9th - 10th
Brief summary of the early labor movement and the role that labor unions played.
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Handout
Chicago History Museum

Encyclopedia of Chicago: Women's Trade Union League

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the Chicago branch of the Women's Trade Union League and its alliance between women workers and upper-class women who supported their cause.
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Handout
Other

Lincoln Bicentennial Teacher Network: Northern Factory Workers [Pdf]

For Students 6th - 9th
An information page on the rise of factory labor as the Industrial Revolution took hold in the North.
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Handout
Other

Illinois Labor History Society: The Haymarket and Its Memorial

For Students 9th - 10th
This site contains a description of the Haymarket Tragedy, and also includes many related topics.
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Handout
Other

Lehigh University: The Molly Maguires

For Students 9th - 10th
An interesting site compiled by a Lehigh University undergraduate student, regarding a secret mining organization known as the "Molly Maguires" who operated in the Pennsylvania coal mines during the latter part of the 19th century.
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PPT
Tom Richey

Tom Richey: The Rise of Labor

For Students 9th - 10th
The Industrial Revolution led to a demand for laborers to keep up with the demands for the creation of products. The slideshow illustrates how the labor force grew and adjusted during the early twentieth century and the impact of labor...
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Unit Plan
CommonLit

Common Lit: "The Life of a u.s. Industrial Worker" by Bird Brain History

For Students 5th - 6th Standards
A learning module that begins with "The Life of a U.S. Industrial Worker" accompanied by guided reading questions, assessment questions, and discussion questions. The text can be printed as a PDF or assigned online through free teacher...