Curated OER
Growing up Spanish in America
Young scholars explore Hispanic culture. In this cultural diversity instructional activity, students read Wachale by Ilan Stavans and respond to discussion questions about the story. Young scholars journal about their impressions of...
Curated OER
History Matters: Pedro Naranjo Relates the Pueblo Revolt, 1680
Read about the resistance in 1680 by the New Mexico Pueblo Indians who resisted the Spanish attempts to subjugate them. Find out about the leader, El Pope, who was able to lead the resistance for ten years.
Digital History
Digital History: Coexistence and Conflict in the Spanish Southwest
Read the testimony of a Pueblo Indian, captured by the Spanish after the Revolt of 1680, giving his ideas of why the Indians attacked the Spanish and destroyed the images of Christianity they found.
Other
Smith College: Vistas: Visual Culture in Spanish America
A collection of photographs, artwork, and architecture of Spanish America from pre-1500 through the 1900s.
Other
New Mexico Office of the State Historian: Pope
Read this fascinating information about Pope, the leader of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. Learn how he was able to unite several tribes of Pueblo Indians who did not even speak the same language into a force that was able to push out the...
Annenberg Foundation
Annenberg Learner: American Passages: Bartolome De Las Casas
This resource features Native American activist, Bartolome de las Casas, one of the first Europeans to speak on cruelty directed towards the Native Americans. Click on "Bartolome de las Casas Activites" for related artifacts and activities.
OpenStax
Open Stax: Colonial Societies 1500 1700: Spanish Exploration & Colonial Society
Examines the establishment of Spanish settlements in America, the differences between them, and the conflicts the Spanish had with other European interests and with the native peoples.
Other
American Journeys: Background on Francisco Palou and Father Junipero Serra
Find background information about the life of Father Junipero Serra and his biographer, Father Francisco Palou. Read about the missions they established in California and their work in converting Native Americans to Christianity. Click...
Curated OER
National Park Service: The Forts of Old San Juan: Guardians of the Caribbean
Visit such Spanish sites in Puerto Rico as El Morro, the fort that provided the keystone to protection of the Spanish Empire that spread across the Caribbean. Many photographs and drawings.
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Gilder Lehrman Institute: History Now: Bartolome De Las Casas Debates the Subjugation of the Indians
[Free Registration/Login Required] Read a summary of Bartolome de Las Casas' views about the horrors of Spanish encomienda system and his arguments for proper treatment of Native Americans. Find a link to a translation of his book where...
Other
American Journeys: Life of Father Junipero Serro, Founder of Franciscan Missions
This study of Junipero Serra's (1723-1789) life was first published in 1913. It's made available here with some great features. You can search the book for key terms, read background information on the author and the subject, print or...
Curated OER
National Park Service: Los Castillos Del Viejo San Juan: Guardianes Del Caribe
A great site for Spanish Exploration. See one of the greatest fortresses in the Western Hemisphere. King Phillip IV called it "The front and vanguard of all my West Indies, and consequently the most important of them all and the most...
Other
American Journeys: Revolt of the Pueblo Inidans
Read the background of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 before accessing the document which is a translation of an excerpt of a book titled Revolt of the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico and Otermin's Attempted Reconquest, 1680-1682. This document...
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Gilder Lehrman Institute: History Now: The Pueblo Revolt
[Free Registration/Login Required] Read an essay about the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 and find out why the Southwest Native Americans rebelled against the Spanish, and were successful in keeping the Spanish out of their pueblos for only...
University of Groningen
American History: Essays: Spain's Territorial Conquest in the Americas
The history of Spanish territorial conquest in the New World is the history of the succession of conquistadors who often overwhelmed native empires, but were sometimes overwhelmed themselves. Read about the conquistadors who came to the...
Country Studies US
Country Studies: Encomiendas
Read this good description of the encomienda system that was set up by the Spanish to reward the Spanish colonizers in the New World and to subjugate the indigenous people by requiring their labor on the granted land.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Harcourt: School Publishers: Castillo De San Marcos
"The Castillo de San Marcos is the oldest European fort built of stone blocks in the United States. It is located in the town of St. Augustine, Florida."
Digital History
Digital History: Slavery and Spanish Colonization
Read about the slave trade and use of slaves in agriculture and mining in Spanish America in the New World. Find out why it was expedient to use African slaves.
Digital History
Digital History: The Black Legend
Read about the Black Legend which vilified the Spanish treatment of Indians they enslaved, resulting in the decimation of many Indian populations. Bartolome de Las Casas criticized the enslavement of Indians and suggested using African...
Digital History
Digital History: Spanish Colonization
Spanish culture had a great impact on the economy, politics, and even geography of the Southwest, California, and Mexico. Read about the Spanish settlements and the structure of the social classes that left an impact the continues even...
Other
New Mexico Genealogical Society: Settlement of New Mexico
A good look at the settlement of New Mexico by Spanish soldier-colonists and their families in the late 16th century. See the results of their treatment of the indigenous Pueblo Indians in 1680.
Mariners' Museum and Park
Exploration Through the Ages: Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo is known for exploring the California coast and claiming the land for Spain, but he did so many other things prior to that.See why Cabrillo wa so important to the Spanish in the New World.Be sure to click on...
University of Calgary
University of Calgary: The Caribbean: First Contact
This site details the initial contact of the European colonizers with the Caribbean islands. The site explains how the Caribbean became colonized and also has maps, quotes, and artwork.
Duke University
Duke University: The Pueblo Revolt of 1680
The story of the Pueblo Revolt of 1680 is told with a timeline showing events leading up to the revolt, a narrative of the revolt itself and its consequences, and brief biographies of many of those involved in Spanish America, and the...