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Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma: Tonkawa Tribal History
Describes the history of the Tonkawa, their past way of life, and the impact of the Europeans on their culture. A collection of historical photos conveys further information about their clothing and shelter.
Other
Texas Beyond History: Jumano Spanish Relations
This extensive article details the evolution of the relationship between the Jumano and the Spanish explorers beginning in 1583. This was a relationship that the Jumano went to great lengths to develop and maintain. They also fostered...
Other
Texas Indians: The Texas Apaches
This article details the history and way of life of the Apaches in Texas. It describes their interactions with the Spanish explorers, how they were treated like slaves at the Spanish missions, and how their resentment drove them to...
Other
Texas Indians: The Concho Indians
This article discusses the culture of the Concho Indians, who mainly lived in northern Mexico, but also in Texas. It describes the impact of the Europeans on their way of life, their food sources, clothing, and shelter.
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Texas Indians: The Jumano Indians
This article details the history, the tribal ancestry, and the different branches of the Jumano Indians. It describes their way of life, and their interactions with European explorers.
Other
Lone Star Genealogy: Research in the Lonestar State: Immigration to Texas
The many groups who have settled in Texas are listed, beginning 40,000 years ago. There is a list of the Native American groups, then the successive groups of immigrants from numerous European countries, the African Americans who were...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: David G Burnet to m.b. Menard, Mar 1836
Read this letter through which the interim president of Texas wrote to Michel B. Menard, "a trader and adopted member of the Shawnee nation," asking Menard "to negotiate a peace treaty with the Shawnees, Delawares, and Kickapoos." This...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Sam Houston to Edmund P Gaines Aug 1836
Read this letter by Sam Houston through which he "asks for American help in preventing uprising in Nacogdoches, 1836." This site includes images of the original letter, as well as line-by-line transcription of the handwritten text.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Sam Houston to John Linney, Sept 1836
Read a letter through which Sam Houston recruits Indian tribes "to act in the policing of" Texas. This site includes images of the original letter, as well as line-by-line transcription of the handwritten text.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Bowl to Sam Houston, August 16, 1836
Read a letter through which Chief Bowl of the Cherokees writes to Sam Houston, hoping to have a face-to-face meeting with him concerning Native American relations. Includes an image of the original letter as well as line-by-line...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Indians and the Texas Revolution
Read about the importance of the support of various Indian tribes in the success of the Texas Revolution. See primary sources that explore this topic.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Don Ramon Musquiz to Jose Maria Letona
Read a letter from 1831 that relays the efforts of the Cherokees to keep their land through negotiations with the Mexican government. This site includes images of the original letter as well as line-by-line transcription of the...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas/ "The Raven"
Read about Sam Houston's attempt to keep the peace between whites and Indians as president of the Republic of Texas. See primary source documents addressing this issue and read transcripts of the documents.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: James Bowie, Report to Political Chief
See all of a 3-page letter James Bowie wrote concerning the Native Americans he met through his "tour through the Indian villages." Includes line-by-line typed transcription below each page for easier reading.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Spanish & Mexican Policy
How were the Native Americans of Texas affected by the Spanish rule from 1716 to 1821? How did Indian life change when Texas was led by Stephen F. Austin? This article addresses the relations between Indians and white settlers, as well...
American Indian Heritage Foundation
Indians.org: Lipan Apache (Tindi)
This article details the history of the Lipan Apache, an important subgroup of the Apache in Texas. To tell their story, it focuses on the history of the Castro Family of Lipan Apache Chief Cuelga de Castro. They received their surname...
Other
Mr. Palm: Economic Activities Used by Early American Indians
A brief overview of three ways early Native Americans engaged in economic activities. These included farming, trading goods, and hunting.
