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Handout
Internet History Sourcebooks Project

Fordham University: Ancient History Sourcebook: Marcus Aurelius Meditations

For Students 9th - 10th
Ancient History Sourcebook offers the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antonius, the "philosopher emperor" of Rome. This is one of the few pieces of literature written by a world leader; even more striking is the fact that it is a work of...
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Handout
Franco Cavazzi

Roman empire.net: Marcus Aurelius

For Students 6th - 8th
Good biography of Marcus Aurelius describing the lengthy wait he had to become emperor, the fierce wars he fought, and his stoic philosophy. Also deals with the questions about Commodus and his appointments as co-emperor and emperor.
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Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Physical Theories of Stoicism

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes the Stoic philosophies and beliefs about theology, fate, and elemental theory.
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Handout
Internet History Sourcebooks Project

Fordham University: Ancient History Sourcebook: Eutropius

For Students 9th - 10th
Fordham University gives a brief selection by Eutropius about the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Describes him as a very pious and generous man, despite all his power and the problems he faced.
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Website
Authors Calendar

Author's Calendar: Marcus Aurelius

For Students 9th - 10th
Biography of Marcus Aurelius from the perspective of his writing career, rather than his work as an emperor. Uses his own words from "The Meditations" to provide insight into his character.
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Website
Other

Zeno of Citium: Founder of Stoicism

For Students 9th - 10th
A biography of Zeno, founder of Stoicism. Also discusses the theories of Stoicism. Included a nice set of quotes from Zeno, passed on through other ancient authors.
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Handout
Other

International Stoic Society: Zenon of Kitium

For Students 9th - 10th
A biography of Zeno and a discussion of his Stoic beliefs.