Other
Mansfield: Machine Language for Beginners
The classic book on machine language published in 1983 now in digital form.
Other
Mansfield: The Second Book of Machine Language
The second book on machine language by Richard Mansfield published in 1984 now in digital form.
Other
Debunking the Myth of High Level Languages
An article that compares the efficiency of high-level vs. low-level programming languages.
Other
Heriot Watt University: High Level Languages
A description of high-level programming languages and a comparison with the low-level assembly language.
Other
Pc Assembly Language
A down-loadable tutorial for learning the PC Assembly programming language.
Wikimedia
Wikipedia: Assembly Language
A Wikipedia description of the Assembly programming language.
Wikimedia
Wikipedia: Machine Code
A Wikipedia description of machine code (or language), which is the set of instructions executed directly by the computer.