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Handout
Internet History Sourcebooks Project

Fordham University: Ancient History Sourcebook: Marcus Aurelius Meditations

For Students 9th - 10th
Ancient History Sourcebook offers the Meditations of Marcus Aurelius Antonius, the "philosopher emperor" of Rome. This is one of the few pieces of literature written by a world leader; even more striking is the fact that it is a work of...
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Handout
Franco Cavazzi

Roman empire.net: Marcus Aurelius

For Students 6th - 8th
Good biography of Marcus Aurelius describing the lengthy wait he had to become emperor, the fierce wars he fought, and his stoic philosophy. Also deals with the questions about Commodus and his appointments as co-emperor and emperor.
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Handout
Internet History Sourcebooks Project

Fordham University: Ancient History Sourcebook: Eutropius

For Students 9th - 10th
Fordham University gives a brief selection by Eutropius about the reign of Marcus Aurelius. Describes him as a very pious and generous man, despite all his power and the problems he faced.
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Website
Authors Calendar

Author's Calendar: Marcus Aurelius

For Students 9th - 10th
Biography of Marcus Aurelius from the perspective of his writing career, rather than his work as an emperor. Uses his own words from "The Meditations" to provide insight into his character.
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Website
Other

Zeno of Citium: Founder of Stoicism

For Students 9th - 10th
A biography of Zeno, founder of Stoicism. Also discusses the theories of Stoicism. Included a nice set of quotes from Zeno, passed on through other ancient authors.
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Handout
Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Epicurus

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy is an excellent, detailed introduction to the philosophy of Epicurus. Divided into sections addressing his metaphysics, epistemology, ethics. Includes numerous links to related...
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Handout
California State University

Some Stoic Ideas

For Students 9th - 10th
Quotes from numerous ancient philosophers on Stoicism.