American Public Media
American Radio Works: The Southern Manifesto
The Southern Manifesto, written in opposition to the racial integration of public places and condemning the Supreme Court's 1954 school desegregation decision, was signed by 101 congressmen from the Deep South.
Library of Virginia
Virginia Memory: Virginians Respond
In this lesson, students use primary sources to explore how Virginians responded to the Brown v. Board of Education decision by the Supreme Court in 1954 that called for an end to school segregation. They look in particular at Virginia's...
Virginia Historical Society
Virginia Historical Society: Massive Resistance
A chilling account of the ways Virginia lawmakers attempted to subvert the Supreme Court decision in Brown v Board of Education in 1958. Read about the Southern Manifesto, and the group of laws known as Massive Resistance.