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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Entrepreneurs, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Six mid-nineteenth century accounts by free-born black entrepreneurs about their economic activities and struggles. Links to documents describing each trade are provided within this well-developed resource.
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Handout
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Artists, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Teachers 9th - 10th
The artwork of four nineteenth-century free blacks expressed in portraits, landscapes, sculpture, and photography. Links to works from Joshua Johnson, Robert Scott Duncanson, Edmonia Lewis, and Augustus Washington are provided.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Poets, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
The writings of four African Americans poets from the late-eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries that examine slavery, abolition, and emancipation. These authors include Phillis Wheatley, George Moses Horton, James Whitfield, and...
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Soldiers: Making of African American Identity: 1500 1865

For Students 9th - 10th
Photographs of and letters from black soldiers-both enslaved and free-from the late-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries that examine military experience for African Americans.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Making of African American Identity: Emigration

For Students 9th - 10th
Proposals for and arguments against the emigration of blacks to Haiti and to Africa during the mid-nineteenth century. The struggle of African Americans, such as Martin Delany, to determine the appropriate course of action with this...
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Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Emancipation: Abolition

For Students 9th - 10th
Speeches, songs, letters, and pamphlets from the early- and mid-nineteenth century promoting the abolition of slavery and emancipation of enslaved peoples are provided within this resource.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Reconstruction: African American Identity: 1865 1917

For Students 9th - 10th
An interview, government reports, two paintings, and a work song that explore the constraints placed upon African American freedom in the late-nineteenth century as a result of reconstruction.
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Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: The Making of African American Identity: Vol. Ii, 1865 1917: Migration

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Congressional testimony and a letter that explore late nineteenth-century black migration from the South. Links to both resources are provided within this site.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Harriet Jacobs: "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl," 1861

For Students 9th - 10th
Several chapters from a slave narrative by Harriet Jacobs examining her abuse, her integrity, and her eventual escape from brutality, all of which raise important questions about power, equality, and gender roles in the mid-nineteenth...
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: De Tocqueville, Triumph of Nationalism: America, 1815 1850

For Students 9th - 10th
Three essays from the famous French visitor to America, Alexis de Tocqueville, in which he examines how religion in early nineteenth century America supported democratic tendencies.
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Activity
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Charles Sellers: Triumph of Nationalism: America, 1815 1850

For Students 9th - 10th
A secondary account from a contemporary historian that examines early nineteenth century forces and the interplay of markets and territorial expansion.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Hezekiah Niles: Triumph of Nationalism: America, 1815 1850

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Magazine excerpts that celebrate the government sponsored internal improvements of the early nineteenth century and the market economy that they fueled.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Henry David Thoreau, Excerpts From "Economy," Ch. 1 of Walden, 1854

For Students 9th - 10th
A chapter from Walden that critiques and challenges the new market economy of the nineteenth century.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Memory, the Gilded and the Gritty: America, 1870 1912

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
Twelve primary sources - historical documents, literary texts, and visual images - that explore ways in which the memory of the Civil War affected American life in the last quarter of the nineteenth century.
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Handout
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Gross Clinic, the Gilded and the Gritty: America, 1870 1912

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Thomas Eakins's controversial painting that reflects the skill of professional, scientific practitioners during the late-nineteenth century.
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Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Progress: The Meaning of the Machine: Southern Stasis

For Students 9th - 10th
A survey of the lagging Southern economy of the late-nineteenth century and two speeches, one by a black Southerner and one by a white Southerner, making the case for Northern investment in the region.
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Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: The Meaning of the Machine: The 1893 World's Columbian Exposition

For Students 9th - 10th
Two views of late-nineteenth-century American progress: Henry Adams criticizes it in his autobiography, and the Columbian Exposition of 1893 praises it.
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Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: People: Assimilation and the Crucible of the City: Street Life in New York

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Excerpt from Horatio Alger's well-known novel, "Ragged Dick, Or, Street Life in New York," that describes the values and attitudes needed to make it in the capitalistic, urban America of the late-nineteenth century.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: People: Assimilation and the Crucible of the City: Exclusion

For Students 9th - 10th
This lesson examines government reports that urged restrictions on immigration to America at the turn of the nineteenth century.
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Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Power: Taming the Octopus: The Image of the Octopus

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Six versions of the octopus, a pervasive image in late-nineteenth-century America, that illustrate the extensive and corrosive power held by corporations over American political and economic life. Reading guide with discussion questions.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: The Making of African American Identity: Volume Ii 1865 1917

For Students 9th - 10th
Uses primary resources-historical documents, literary texts, visual images, audio, and video material-to explore how African Americans created group and individual identities in the late-nineteenth century. Topics include freedom,...
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Interactive
Education Development Center

Education Development Center, Inc: Weblabs: Mendel

For Students 3rd - 5th
Explore the genetics of plants discovered by Gregor Mendel in the nineteenth century. These interactives will walk users through the planting and growth of pea plants, possible combinations of plans to alter traits, predict the results...
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Handout
Library of Congress

Loc: Today in History: November 4: Election Day

For Students 9th - 10th
Learn about the history of November 4, which is an election day in the United States. Includes a discussion of presidential elections in the nineteenth century, and women's struggle to obtain the right to vote.
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Primary
National Archives (UK)

National Archives: Victorian Britain: Industrial Nation

For Students 9th - 10th
Mining in England early in the Industrial Revolution was very dangerous. Source 4 presents clippings from Lord Ashley's report illustrating the conditions of working in mines and factories in the early-mid nineteenth century England....

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