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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Kongo, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Eight watercolor drawings and an accompanying narrative from an Italian Catholic missionary about the peoples in the Kingdom of Kongo (present-day Angola).
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Plantation, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Numerous photographs of a Virginia plantation (taken in 1960), an autobiographical account of life on a Mississippi plantation from the nineteenth century, and an interview with a former slave about a Louisiana plantation recorded in 1937.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Runaways, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Several accounts by slaves of running away from bondage, written in the nineteenth century and also recorded in the 1930s, as well as newspaper advertisements seeking information about fugitive slaves in the eighteenth century.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: The Enslaved Family, Making of African American Identity: Vol. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
This site offers two letters and a memoir from the mid-nineteenth century, and interviews from the early-twentieth century, about the importance and the roles of enslaved families.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Plantation Community, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Various retrospective oral accounts from the early-twentieth century and two narratives from the mid-nineteenth century that examine the work, interrelationships, dangers, and lives of slaves on southern plantations.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Religion, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
A series of songs, narratives, and memoirs that examine the spiritual beliefs of and experiences with religion among slaves in southern plantation communities.
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Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Fugitives, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Oral and written narratives of the experiences of the Underground Railroad and documents identifying efforts by northern societies to free slaves during the 1850s.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Slave to Free, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Interviews with and narratives from former slaves who became free and letters from former slaves reflecting on their freedom.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Booker T. Washington, Making of African American Identity: V. 2

For Students 9th - 10th
A summary and questions related to an autobiography in which Booker T. Washington describes his early experience of freedom. A link to this full text is provided here as well.
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Article
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: African Americans in the British New World

For Students 5th - 8th
Read about the transit of Africans from their homeland to the American British colonies to work on plantations in the south as part of leg in the triangular trade.
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Website
Other

Accord Freedom Trail: Freedom Trail St. Augustine Civil Rights Movement

For Students 9th - 10th
The city of St. Augustine, Florida played a part in The Civil Rights Movement. The early background of African Americans and slavery issues is documented, followed by noted people, events, and battles in the St. Augustine area during the...
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Graphic
National Women’s History Museum

National Women's History Museum: Harriet Tubman

For Students 9th - 10th
View this engaging online exhibit to learn about Harriet Tubman, an outspoken advocate for African American and women's rights.
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Website
PBS

Wnet: Thirteen: Slavery and the Making of America: Freedom & Emancipation

For Students 9th - 10th
Using primary documents, oral histories and other historical resources, learn about the African American reaction to emancipation and to events from the Reconstruction period following the Civil War.
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Activity
The History Place

The History Place: The Dred Scott Decision

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from The History Place provides an account of the history of Dred Scott, an African-American slave, who took his suit for his freedom to the Supreme Court. The information is somewhat brief, but worthwhile.
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Graphic
Info Please

Infoplease: Timeline: Key Moments in Black History

For Students 9th - 10th
A timeline of African-American history from when the first African slaves arrived in Virginia in 1619 up to the present.
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Activity
Washington State University

Washington State University: Frederick Douglass: Life & Works

For Students 9th - 10th
A clickable list of student resources for researching the life and work of this 19th century African American civil rights leader and abolitionist.
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Article
Other

Indigenous History: Indigenous Slavery in the American Southeast

For Students 9th - 10th
It is fairly well-accepted that American slavery of the 19th century developed from three distinct traditions of slavery that were mutated into a new, racialized, institutionalized form: European indentured servitude, West African...
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Primary
Library of Congress

Loc: Slaves and the Courts

For Students 9th - 10th
Slaves and the Courts, 1740-1860 contains just over a hundred pamphlets and books (published between 1772 and 1889) concerning the difficult and troubling experiences of African and African-American slaves in the American colonies and...
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Handout
Wikimedia

Wikipedia: Harriet Tubman

For Students 9th - 10th
This article overviews Harriet Tubman's involvement with the Underground Railroad, her service in the military during the Civil War, and her fight as an activist for African-American and women's rights.
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Article
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: Us History: 1844 1877: Life for Enslaved Men and Women

For Students 9th - 10th
During the nineteenth century, enslaved African Americans worked on large plantations in the US South under brutal conditions.
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Website
PBS

Wnet: Thirteen: Slavery & Making of America: The Slave Experience: Men, Women & Gender

For Students 9th - 10th
Learn about issues related to slave gender roles at this PBS series site that features illustrations and documents dating back to the Colonial, Antebellum, and Reconstruction periods in American history.
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Handout
Georgetown University

Georgetown: Georgetown Slavery Archive I Know That My Bennett Ancestors

For Students 9th - 10th
Chapter two of Louis Diggs, Surviving in America: Histories of 7 Black Communities in Baltimore County, Maryland (Uptown Press, 2002), includes fascinating interviews with African Americans in Granite, Maryland, including several...
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Website
Digital History

Digital History: The Diversity of Colonial Slavery

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the three distinct systems of slavery that developed in the colonies based primarily on the crops that were grown in each region. See how the system affected the way the culture of slaves grew out of the region.
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Interactive
Other

New York Historical Society: Slavery in New York

For Students 9th - 10th
Take a tour of this exhibit on the history of slavery in New York City.