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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Reasoning, Making of African American Identity: V. 3

For Students 9th - 10th
Brochures and a speech from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference describing the organization's philosophy, its strategy, and its position on voting rights, civil disobedience, and segregation.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Singing, Making of African American Identity: V. 3

For Students 9th - 10th
An analysis of the role music played in the civil rights movement. The well known spiritual, "We Shall Overcome," is referenced as playing a key role in supporting this movement.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Arming, Making of African American Identity: V. 3

For Students 9th - 10th
This resource offers a memoir that examines the role of armed self-defense in the civil rights movement. An excerpt from the text "Negroes with Guns", by Robert Williams is made available here, describing his approach towards civil...
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Separating: Making of African American Identity: V. 3

For Students 9th - 10th
Article summarizes and provides links to audio and text versions of a speech made by Malcolm X one month after he left the Nation of Islam over a disagreement with its leader Elijah Muhammad. Includes questions for discussion.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Theater, Making of African American Identity: V. 3

For Students 9th - 10th
A manifesto and scenes from a play illustrating black protest in the theater. LeRoi Jones's short manifesto, "The Revolutionary Theatre," and Douglas Turner Ward's, " Day of Absence" encapsulates the mindset of many black writers and...
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Website
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Senegambia, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Drawings of West Africans and two accounts of Africans before enslavement, one by an African of Gambia, one by a French traveler to Senegal. They examine how Africans lived in freedom before enslavement.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Sierra Leone, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
An eighteenth-century map, several illustrations by Europeans of Africans from Sierra Leone, and two eighteenth-century narratives depicting Sierra Leone natives through the eyes of two British physicians who describe the peoples they...
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Gold Coast, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Two documents, separated by 200 years, depicting the lives of enslaved Gold Coast Africans in 1450 and 1657, and three original accounts by Europeans of the cultural practices of Gold Coast Africans.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Community on Film, Making of African American Identity: V. 3

For Students 9th - 10th
Excerpts from a 1941 film that depicts black and white communities in Kannapolis, NC, by H. Lee Waters (1902-1997). This two part film characterizes the differences in economy, community, and values of two separate cultures.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Kongo, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Eight watercolor drawings and an accompanying narrative from an Italian Catholic missionary about the peoples in the Kingdom of Kongo (present-day Angola).
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Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Capture, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Several narratives of the capture of West Africans, including the famous autobiography of Venture Smith, from the eighteenth century, two accounts of conditions on slave ships, and an audio recording of the memories of the descendants of...
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Enslavement, Making of African American Identity: V. 1, 1500 1865

For Students 9th - 10th
Twenty-eight primary sources-historical documents, literary texts, and visual images-that explore plantation life, the qualities and conditions of slavery, work, and resistance to oppression.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: An Enslaved Person's Life, Making of African American Identity

For Students 9th - 10th
Various photographs of slaves from the pre-Civil War era, an autobiographical narrative of slavery, and three accounts recorded in the 1930s of the lives and conditions of former slaves are included in this large set of information...
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Community and Culture, Making of African American Identity: V. 3

For Students 9th - 10th
An attempt to define community as a shared culture. In this article and review, critic, poet, and playwright Larry Neal (1937-1981) applies the principles of self-determination espoused by Stokely Carmichael and others to the arts and...
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Sale, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Two nineteenth century depictions of the emotional brutality of slave auctions-by an enslaved (formerly free) black man and by former slaves-and several recollections of being sold by former slaves recorded during Depression era...
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Plantation, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Numerous photographs of a Virginia plantation (taken in 1960), an autobiographical account of life on a Mississippi plantation from the nineteenth century, and an interview with a former slave about a Louisiana plantation recorded in 1937.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Driver, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Unusual letters from black slave drivers, and in one case, letters in reply from the white slave owner, about crops, labor, and conditions on plantations in the mid-1850s.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Labor, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Selections of original accounts either written during slavery or recorded in the 1930s that depict work as a plantation laborer, house servant, shipyard worker or boatman.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Resistance, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Recollections of slave resistance by observers like Frederick Douglass, narratives of slave resistance collected during the Depression, and mid-nineteenth century accounts by former slaves calling for resistance to and overthrow of the...
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Runaways, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Several accounts by slaves of running away from bondage, written in the nineteenth century and also recorded in the 1930s, as well as newspaper advertisements seeking information about fugitive slaves in the eighteenth century.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: The Enslaved Family, Making of African American Identity: Vol. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
This site offers two letters and a memoir from the mid-nineteenth century, and interviews from the early-twentieth century, about the importance and the roles of enslaved families.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Plantation Community, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Various retrospective oral accounts from the early-twentieth century and two narratives from the mid-nineteenth century that examine the work, interrelationships, dangers, and lives of slaves on southern plantations.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Religion, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
A series of songs, narratives, and memoirs that examine the spiritual beliefs of and experiences with religion among slaves in southern plantation communities.
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Unit Plan
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Fugitives, Making of African American Identity: V. 1

For Students 9th - 10th
Oral and written narratives of the experiences of the Underground Railroad and documents identifying efforts by northern societies to free slaves during the 1850s.

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