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Article
Virginia Historical Society

Virginia Historical Society: Waging War: The Battlefront: Men of Color to Arms?

For Students 9th - 10th
When the war began, many African Americans - North and South - volunteered to serve as soldiers. The vast majority were former slaves who sought to strike at slavery and improve their position in society. Desperate to avert defeat, the...
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Primary
Read Works

Read Works: Passages: "Patrick Cleburne's Proposal to Arm Slaves"

For Students 11th - 12th
[Free Registration/Login Required] In this letter from January 2, 1864, Patrick R. Cleburne, a Confederate commander, writes to a Confederate general proposing that black soldiers be added to their ranks as they were in grave danger of...
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Handout
Library of Congress

Loc: America's Story: Frederick Douglass' Role in the Civil War

For Students 3rd - 8th
Frederick Douglass had the ear of Abraham Lincoln. Read about how he used his influence to allow African Americans to join the Union Army,
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Website
Virginia Historical Society

Virginia Historical Society: Home Front: How Did Slaves Support the Confederacy?

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the different roles that slaves and freed blacks took on in Virginia during the Civil War. They provided labor while the white men were away fighting and they helped with the military efforts. Many took the opportunity to...
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Unit Plan
CommonLit

Common Lit: Book Pairings: "Black Boy" by Richard Wright

For Students 9th - 10th
Richard Wright, a black boy living in the Jim Crow South, travels north in hopes of escaping the violence and prejudice that rules his childhood. Selected (8) reading passages (grades7-12) to pair with "Black Boy" by Richard Wright....
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Soldiers: Making of African American Identity: 1500 1865

For Students 9th - 10th
Photographs of and letters from black soldiers-both enslaved and free-from the late-eighteenth to mid-nineteenth centuries that examine military experience for African Americans.
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Activity
Constitutional Rights Foundation

Constitutional Rights Foundation: Black Troops in Union Blue

For Students 9th - 10th
Activity on African American troops in the Union Army. Students read article for background information, answer questions, then analyze and write about the controversies in a piece to be published in a mock Frederick Douglass's Paper.
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Handout
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: African American Veterans and the Civil Rights Movement

For Students 9th - 10th
Many African American veterans joined the Civil Rights Movement after World War II when they found themselves facing continued discrimination at home. Learn about some of the veterans who were prominent activists.
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Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Presidential Reconstruction

For Students 5th - 8th
After the death of Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson was responsible for implementing Reconstruction in the South after the Civil War. Read about his views on African-Americans, and the leniency he offered Confederate leaders and soldiers....
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Handout
TexasHistory.com

Texas history.com: African Americans in Uniform on the Texas Frontier

For Students 9th - 10th
Examines the history of the buffalo soldiers in Texas after the Civil War, the obstacles they faced due to racism, and how other African Americans perceived them.
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Website
Library of Congress

Loc: American Memory: African American Odyssey

For Students 9th - 10th
This site explores Black America's quest for equality from the early national period through the twentieth century. Content includes the work of abolitionists in the first half of the nineteenth century, depictions of the long journey...
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Unit Plan
PBS

Wnet: Thirteen: Freedom: A History of the u.s. What Is Freedom? Webisode 7

For Students 9th - 10th
Webisode 7 - What is Freedom? ..The history of the United States is presented in a series of webisodes, within each are a number of segments.Included are links to lesson plans, teacher guides, resources, activities, and tools.
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Handout
National Women's Hall of Fame

National Women's Hall of Fame: Mary Ann Shadd Cary

For Students 9th - 10th
The National Women's Hall of Fame provides a brief biography of Mary Ann Shadd Cary, an educator, abolitionist, editor, attorney, and feminist of the Civil War era.
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Website
Library of Congress

Loc: African American Odyssey: Reconstruction and Its Aftermath

For Students 9th - 10th
From the Library of Congress, this resource documents the course of post-Civil War, post-slavery life for black Americans. Topics include education, constitutional amendments, voting rights and the many challenges African Americans faced...
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Graphic
Curated OER

Buffalo Soldiers & Indian Wars

For Students 9th - 10th
Site contains information about the Buffalo Soldiers, the first professional Black Soldiers, during the time of the Civil War and the Indian Wars.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Buffalo Soldiers & Indian Wars

For Students 9th - 10th
Site contains information about the Buffalo Soldiers, the first professional Black Soldiers, during the time of the Civil War and the Indian Wars.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Wikipedia: National Historic Landmarks in Tennessee: Fort Pillow

For Students 9th - 10th
The Confederate victory at the Battle of Fort Pillow (April 1864) ended in the killing of 229 Black Union soldiers out of 262 engaged in the battle. This slaughter by the Southern troops under Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest has been labeled...
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Graphic
Curated OER

Introduction

For Students 9th - 10th
This site explores Black America's quest for equality from the early national period through the twentieth century. Content includes the work of abolitionists in the first half of the nineteenth century, depictions of the long journey...
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Graphic
Curated OER

Educational Technology Clearinghouse: Clip Art Etc: Albert Sidney Johnston

For Students 9th - 10th
(1803-1862) American soldier who fought in the Black Hawk War, the war for Texan independence, the Mexican War, and was killed at Shiloh in the Civil War where he was fighting for the Confederate army, commanding the forces in the west.