Library of Congress
Loc: America's Story: Trail of Tears
Use this site to learn more about the Cherokee's journey from their home and why it's called the Trail of Tears.
PBS
New Perspectives on the West: Sam Houston (1793 1863)
This biography on Sam Houston focuses his life as an advocate for Indians and his controversial political career.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Bowl to Sam Houston, August 16, 1836
Read a letter through which Chief Bowl of the Cherokees writes to Sam Houston, hoping to have a face-to-face meeting with him concerning Native American relations. Includes an image of the original letter as well as line-by-line...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Don Ramon Musquiz to Jose Maria Letona
Read a letter from 1831 that relays the efforts of the Cherokees to keep their land through negotiations with the Mexican government. This site includes images of the original letter as well as line-by-line transcription of the...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Spanish & Mexican Policy
How were the Native Americans of Texas affected by the Spanish rule from 1716 to 1821? How did Indian life change when Texas was led by Stephen F. Austin? This article addresses the relations between Indians and white settlers, as well...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: James Bowie, Report to Political Chief
See all of a 3-page letter James Bowie wrote concerning the Native Americans he met through his "tour through the Indian villages." Includes line-by-line typed transcription below each page for easier reading.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas/ "The Raven"
Read about Sam Houston's attempt to keep the peace between whites and Indians as president of the Republic of Texas. See primary source documents addressing this issue and read transcripts of the documents.
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas: Sam Houston to Edmund P Gaines Aug 1836
Read this letter by Sam Houston through which he "asks for American help in preventing uprising in Nacogdoches, 1836." This site includes images of the original letter, as well as line-by-line transcription of the handwritten text.
Curated OER
Etc: Maps Etc: The Location of the Eastern Indian Tribes, 1600s
A map from 1911 of eastern North America showing the general areas of early contact between the Native Americans and European settlers. The map is divided by groups (Algonquians, Iroquoians, Siouans, and Muskhogeans) and the principal...
Civil War Home
Home of the American Civil War: Stand Watie
Who was the only Native American general in the Civil War, the last Confederate general to lay down arms? Read about Stand Watie, Cherokee chief whose troops fought throughout Indian Territory and surrounding states. From "The...
Civil War Home
Home of the American Civil War: Native Americans in the Civil War
An account of the Native American participation in the Civil War in both the Union and Confederate armies. Includes discussion of the beginnings of the Indian Wars, which continued after the conclusion of the Civil War. From the Civil...
Other
Powersource: Wilma Mankiller
This biographical sketch describes how Indian activist, Wilma Mankiller, developed her commitment to public service.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Harcourt: Biographies: Samuel Houston
Learn about one of the great founders of the state of Texas. Sam Houston led Texans through many difficult years and is rightfully remembered for his role in Texas' independence and statehood. (In Spanish)
National Humanities Center
National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Lewis Cass: Triumph of Nationalism: America, 1815 1850
An argument by the Michigan Territorial governor, Lewis Cass, that claimed state laws superseded the rights claimed by Native American tribes like the Cherokee.
Northern Illinois University
Teaching Future Historians: Antebellum Era Lesson Plans
Several lesson plans covering a range of topics from the 1830s through 1860. These plans will give your students experience using primary sources.
Library of Congress
Loc: America's Story: North Carolina
Help discover more about "the story of the lost colony of Roanoke Island." Why did the Wright Brothers fly at Kitty Hawk? Learn more about North Carolina from the Library of Congress website.
Volunteer Voices
Volunteer Voices: On the Trail of Tears [Pdf]
For this lesson, students work with primary source documents to recapture the experience of traveling on the Trail of Tears.
Siteseen
Siteseen: American Historama: Trail of Tears
The article provides facts and information about the tragic journey of the Cherokee tribe and other members of the Five Civilised Tribes called the "Trail of Tears" with key dates and a map.
ClassFlow
Class Flow: Native Americans of the Southeast Woodlands
[Free Registration/Login Required] This flipchart focuses on the fundamental ways of life of the Southeast Woodland Indians and how they were affected by their environment.
ClassFlow
Class Flow: Native American Removal
[Free Registration/Login Required] Using Activotes, students are assessed on their knowledge of the Native Americans' removal.
Other
Lone Star Internet: Sam Houston "The Raven" (1793 1863)
This detailed biography includes illustrations, quotations from Sam Houston (1793-1863 CE) about many aspects of life in his time, including education. Also includes personal information about his marriages and children.
Other
Civics Resources: Worcester v. Georgia
In December 1829, President Andrew Jackson announced his Indian removal proposal in an address to the U.S. Congress. In 1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which authorized the president to grant the Indians unsettled lands west...
Texas State Library and Archives Commission
Texas State Library and Archives Commission: Native American Relations in Texas
Take a peek inside the Republic of Texas' relations with the Native Americans in the early nineteenth century.
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