Thurgood Marshall Website
Thurgood Marshall: Supreme Court Justice and Civil Rights Advocate
A short biography of Thurgood Marshall, plus interviews with him, a link to articles about Justice Marshall and speeches by him, and a photo gallery.
Other
Supreme Court: Brown v. Board of Education, 347 u.s. 483
Contains the text to the appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Kansas.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Harcourt: Biographies: Linda Brown 1943
Read a brief summary of the life story of Linda Brown whose civil rights experiences were the basis for the famous historical case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka.
Curated OER
National Park Service: International Civil Rights Walk of Fame: Elbert Tuttle
Judge Elbert Tuttle was influential during and following the Civil Rights Movement as described in this concise biography.
Other
Encyclopedia of Arkansas: Education
Follow the development of the educational system in Arkansas. What struggles and challenges did education face historically? What were the effects of segregation, then of desegregation on the schools?
Digital History
Digital History: To the Heart of Dixie
In the early 1960s civil rights activists put the ban on segregation to the test. In 1961, "Freedom riders," boarded buses headed south to test the federal ban on segregated travel. And in 1962, the University of Mississippi was ordered...
Other
Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka: Background
Provides a background summary for the Brown vs. the Board of Education of Topeka case.
PBS
Pbs Online News Hour: American Revolutionary?
An interview of Thurgood Marshall's biographer, Juan Williams, from the PBS Newshour. Provides insight into the character, background, and motivation of Thurgood Marshall.
American Public Media
American Radio Works: The Southern Manifesto
The Southern Manifesto, written in opposition to the racial integration of public places and condemning the Supreme Court's 1954 school desegregation decision, was signed by 101 congressmen from the Deep South.
University of Virginia
University of Virginia: Television News of the Civil Rights Era 1950 1970
View contemporary coverage of the Civil Rights Movement from two Roanoke, VA television stations including 230 video clips that feature both national events, such as the speeches of Martin Luther King, Jr. and John F. Kennedy, as well as...
US National Archives
Our Documents: A National Initiative on American History, Civics, and Service
Our Documents is home to one hundred milestone documents that influenced that course of American history and American democracy. Includes full-page scans of each document, transcriptions, background information on their significance, and...
Virginia Historical Society
Virginia Historical Society: Massive Resistance
A chilling account of the ways Virginia lawmakers attempted to subvert the Supreme Court decision in Brown v Board of Education in 1958. Read about the Southern Manifesto, and the group of laws known as Massive Resistance.
PBS
Pbs Learning Media: Documenting Brown: Collected Excerpts
This collection of excerpts from legislation and court decisions documents key phases of the legal struggle to gain and implement equal education.
Library of Congress
Loc: African American Odyssey: The Civil Rights Era
This two-part feature on African American history offers an in-depth look at the events of the 1960's civil rights movement. Discusses voting rights, laws, military segregation, freedom rides, sit-ins and the NAACP. Includes historic...
Library of Congress
Loc: The Civil Rights Era: A Civil Rights Act of 1964 Pamphlet
From the archives of the Library of Congress read the pamphlet that explained the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in plain language. Find out all the different issues the law addressed and what one could do if the law wasn't being followed. A...
Virginia History Series
Virgina History Series: Virginia State History Post Wwii to Present Day [Pdf]
Visualize the major events in the last half of the 20th century such as major wars and civil rights issues through the lens of the state of Virginia. In addition, learn about the pop culture of this time specifically in Virginia. Enjoy...
Smithsonian Institution
National Museum of American History: Separate Is Not Equal: Brown v. Board of Education
From the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History, this exhibition on Brown v. Board of Education shows much of the struggle of the Civil Rights era, not only to achieve equality in educational opportunities but to...
OpenStax
Open Stax: 1945 1960: African American Struggle for Civil Rights
Examines how Presidents Truman and Eisenhower dealt with the civil rights movement, the steps taken by African Americans to combat discrimination and segregation, and the reaction of white people in the South to the civil rights...
PBS
Wnet: Thirteen: Freedom: A History of Us: Webisode 14: Let Freedom Ring
Series episode covers the civil rights movement and the struggle for equality in post-World War II America.
Other
New York Public Library: Africana Age: The Civil Rights Movement
This is an extensive review of the Civil Rights movement from the 1940s to the 1960s. Read about the ways African Americans protested discrimination in employment and education over several years. Be sure to click on the images to find...
Other
Encyclopedia Virginia: Civil Rights Act of 1964
A detailed look at the Civil Rights Act of 1964, paying particular attention to how Virginia Representative Howard W. Smith added an amendment intended to kill the act by making it cover gender discrimination as well as racial. Read...
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Gilder Lehrman Institute: History Resources: Robert Kennedy on Civil Rights
[Free Registration/Login Required] After reading the background information about Attorney General Robert Kennedy's report on civil rights enforcement activities of the Department of Justice in 1962, read the full transcript of the...
PBS
Pbs Learning Media: Documenting Brown: Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 helped enforce the Brown ruling, a decade later.
The Newberry Library
Newberry Library: The Struggle for Civil Rights in the Urban North
Learning resource using primary sources in which students study de facto segregation in the North following the Civil War and examine how African-Americans responded to segregation and racism compared to the South.