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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Go Ahead, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
A Spanish, an English, and a French account of the enormous challenges in maintaining a colonial presence in North America and of the potential national loss-of pride, wealth, and possibility for expansion-if nations abandoned these...
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Graphic
Curated OER

Fort Caroline, 1564

For Students 9th - 10th
Three European accounts of the disappointments, challenges, and outright failures to establish early successful colonial outposts in North America.
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Article
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo Attributed to Juan Rodriguez

For Students 9th - 10th
The Mestizo belongs to a larger series of works that seek to document the inter-ethnic mixing occurring in New Spain among Europeans, indigenous peoples, Africans, and the existing mixed-race population. This genre of painting is known...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Outlines: The Literature of Exploration

For Students 9th - 10th
Had history taken a different turn, the United States easily could have been a part of the great Spanish or French overseas empires. Its present inhabitants might speak Spanish and form one nation with Mexico, or speak French and be...