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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Zarma Settlements, Kinship

For Students 9th - 10th
The Zarma are the second-largest ethnic group in the Niger Republic, in West Africa, and they have close cultural affinities with the Songhay. Zarma villages are typically nucleated settlements made up of round mud or thatched dwellings...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Kpelle Kinship

For Students 9th - 10th
The Kpelle are the largest ethnic group in the West African nation of Liberia and a significant group in neighboring Guinea. They are arguably the most rural and conservative of the major Liberian peoples. The only significant kin group...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Tsimihety

For Students 9th - 10th
The term "Tsimihety" usually refers to one of the eighteen or twenty tribes or ethnic groups of the Republic of Madagascar; however, Tsimihety possess neither political unity nor an ideology of unity. They are best described as an...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: San Speaking Peoples

For Students 9th - 10th
San-speaking peoples do not constitute an ethnic group in the usual sense. The most widely known are those who call themselves "Zhu I oasi" (!Kung or Juwasi in most ethnographies), although the other peoples mentioned above have also...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Lozi

For Students 9th - 10th
The Lozi consist of a number of interrelated ethnic groups located along the Zambezi River in Barotse Province of western Zambia. The term "Lozi" refers both to the Lozi proper and to those groups that have become subject to and...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Zaramo

For Students 9th - 10th
"Wazaramo" is the preferred name for the people who live in the coastal area of Tanzania, in the vicinity of the capital city, Dar es Salaam. "Wazaramo" refers to the ethnic group, "Mzaramo" to an individual, and "Kizaramo" to the...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Turkana

For Students 9th - 10th
"Turkana" is the name given to the pastoral and formerly pastoral people living in the arid and semiarid range lands of northwestern Kenya. The Turkana refer to themselves as "Ngiturkan" and their land as "Eturkan." The Turkana ethnic...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Songhay Marriage and Family

For Students 9th - 10th
The Songhay are the fourth-largest ethnic group in Niger, West Africa. There are also considerable Songhay populations in Mali and Benin. They are closely related culturally to the Zarma. The Songhay are spread over a large area of...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Tigray

For Students 9th - 10th
The Tigray are the largest ethnic group in the Ethiopian province of Tigray and in the Eritrean nation. The Tigray have not been as thoroughly studied as their culturally similar neighbors, the Amhara, with whom they share an "imperial"...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Luyia

For Students 9th - 10th
"Abaluyia" refers to the nation, tribe, or ethnic group, Omuluyia" to an individual, and "Luluyia" to the language they speak. There are seventeen Luluyia-speaking sub-nations in Western and Nyanza provinces of Kenya. The Abaluyia are...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Kikuyu

For Students 9th - 10th
The Kikuyu, a major ethnic group of Kenya, numbered about 4.4 million in 1987, accounting for about 20 percent of Kenya's population of 25 million.The Kikuyu were originally hunter-gatherers, but they gradually adopted horticultural...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Iteso

For Students 9th - 10th
The Iteso comprise the second-largest ethnic group in Uganda and a significant portion of the non-Bantu-speaking minority in Kenya's Western Province. For the Iteso of Kenya, there are substantial studies of social organization, social...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Hazara

For Students 9th - 10th
Most Hazara live in central Afghanistan in an area known as the Hazarajat. Others live in areas north of the Hindu Kush. The Hazarajat and other Hazara territories are mountainous. The climate is severe in winter, with heavy snowfall;...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Hausa

For Students 9th - 10th
The Hausa constitute the largest ethnic group in West Africa. The term "Hausa" actually refers to the language and, by extension, to its native speakers, of whom there are about 25 million. Agriculture is the main economic activity....
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Kanuri

For Students 9th - 10th
The Kanuri are the dominant ethnic group of Borno Province in northeastern Nigeria. They number over 3 million in Nigeria, about 500,000 in Niger, 100,000 in Chad, and 60,000 in Cameroon. They are called "Beri-beri" by the Hausa, but...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Lango

For Students 9th - 10th
The Lango are one of the largest of the non-Bantu ethnic groups in Uganda. Since Ugandas independence, the Lango have become integrated into national political life. Music and dance are important aspects of Lango life; the finger piano,...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Mossi

For Students 9th - 10th
The Mossi are the most prominent ethnic group in the modern nation of Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta). They are also well known in the anthropological literature as a society with an especially high rate of labor migration to...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Pashai

For Students 9th - 10th
The Pashai are an ethnic group located in the northeast corner of Afghanistan. They are estimated to number about 108,000 (1982). "Pashai" is the term used to refer to a specific language, to the speakers of that language, and to the...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Arabs

For Students 9th - 10th
The Arab world is usually considered to be comprised of the following nineteen countries: Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Chad, Lebanon, Egypt, Sudan, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Saudi...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Yoruba Cultural Relations

For Students 9th - 10th
The name "Yoruba" appears to have been applied by neighbors to the Kingdom of Oyo and adopted by missionaries in the mid-nineteenth century to describe a wider, language-sharing family of peoples. These peoples have gradually accepted...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Sakalava

For Students 9th - 10th
The Sakalava inhabit an expansive region of Madagascar; their territory today encompasses nearly all of the west coast of this large Indian Ocean island. "Sakalava" is a compound term meaning "the long valleys" or "rivers." A noun as...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Tonga

For Students 9th - 10th
The Tonga never formed a single political unit. Today they are an ethnic group united by common language and in opposition to other Zambian ethnic groups, with whom they compete. The Tonga speak dialects of ciTonga, a Central Bantu...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Persians

For Students 9th - 10th
Persians are an ethnic group defined primarily by language and location. The Persian language, also known as Farsi, which linguists classify in the Indo-Iranian Branch of the Indo-European Language Family, had about 23 million speakers...
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Handout
Countries and Their Cultures

Countries and Their Cultures: Iraqw

For Students 9th - 10th
The Iraqw are an agrico-pastoral people who live in north-central Tanzania. With the expansion of their territory, the Iraqw have come to interact and coexist with other ethnic groups. Maize is the staple crop of the Iraqw; it is...