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Modern World History: The Causes and Motivations for the Scramble for Africa
Industrialization led to the "scramble for Africa" by European countries seeking raw materials, markets, and cheap labor. However, other factors played a role such as political, ideological, and religious reasons. Examine these reasons...
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Modern World History: African Response to the Scramble for Africa
African leaders responded in diverse ways to European colonization. Armed resistance, trade embargos, and forming alliances with European powers are a few methods. Read the example of one African state (Ethiopia) that retained their...
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Modern World History: The Berlin Conference
Worried that the "scramble for Africa" would lead to another European war, Otto von Bismarck called for a conference to negotiate the conflicting land claims in Africa. Read a short description of the Berlin Conference and view a map...
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Hall of Fame Biographies: Jan Christian Smuts
The Prime Minister of the South African Union, Jan Christian Smuts (1870-1950), is profiled in this article. Smuts helped found the League of Nations.
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Modern World History: King Leopold and the Conquest of the Congo
King Leopold portrayed himself as charitable with his primary goal of helping Africans, when in reality he was a fraud and scoundrel who just wanted his "slice" of Africa. Read about his schemes to take over the Congo and an excerpt from...
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