University of Illinois
University of Illinois: Modern American Poetry: About Indian Boarding Schools
Several articles and essays about the federal government's attempt to assimilate Native American children into the dominant American society in the late 1800s through the establishment and use of Indian schools.
![International Journal of Wilderness: Don Aragon: Wind River Indian Tribes [Pdf] Article](https://d15y2dacu3jp90.cloudfront.net/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/FPO-knovation.png "International Journal of Wilderness: Don Aragon: Wind River Indian Tribes [Pdf] Article")
Other
International Journal of Wilderness: Don Aragon: Wind River Indian Tribes [Pdf]
A comprehensive article honing in on concerns for federal wilderness protection by learning from indigenous peoples, specifically the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Indians in Fort Washakie, Wyoming.
Smithsonian Institution
National Museum of the American Indian: Collections
Search the collections of the National Museum of the American Indian, which include a representative sample of this Smithsonian Institution's object and historic photo collections.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Life on the Reservations
Read about the probems caused by restricting Native Americans to reservations after their collective defeat by the end of the 19th century. See how the Dawes Act tried to address these problems, but only made things worse.
Digital Public Library of America
Dpla: Reservations, Resistance, and the Indian Reorganization Act
The resources here, including letters, photographs, posters, and maps, represent the Indian Reorganization Act. Includes teaching guide.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy: Ap Us History: 1865 1898: Indian Wars and Battle of Little Bighorn
Discusses the series of events and conflicts in the Indian Wars that culminated in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, or Custer's Last Stand. Includes questions for students at end.
Other
Utah History to Go: Shoshone Indians
Detailed encyclopedia article describing the history of the seven groups of Shoshone Indians.
CommonLit
Common Lit: Life on Reservations
A learning module that begins with "Life on Reservations" by Jessica McBirney, accompanied by guided reading questions, assessment questions, and discussion questions. The text can be printed as a PDF or assigned online through free...
CommonLit
Common Lit: From Resistance to Reservations
A learning module that begins with "From Resistance to Reservations" USHistory.com, accompanied by guided reading questions, assessment questions, and discussion questions. The text can be printed as a PDF or assigned online through free...
US National Archives
Docsteach: Assimilation of American Indians
In this activity, students will analyze primary sources to determine the role and activities the federal government undertook in an attempt to 'Americanize' or assimilate Native Americans.
Curated OER
National Park Service: The Indian Memorial Peace Through Unity
Memorial for the Battle of Little Bighorn, a clash of Native and white cultures, which changed both forever.
Other
American Indian Civics Project: 19th Century Indian Relations
This article provides an overview of Indian relations within the United States during the 19th century.
Arizona State University
Jiae: Indian Juvenile Delinquency So Different?
This site from Journal of American Indian Education shows the 1967 article calls for a focus on the commonality of Indian and non-Indian people, when dealing with mental health issues, rather than treating them like two different problems.
Arizona State University
Jaie: Indian Alcoholism and Education
This article from Journal of American Indian Education focuses on the problem of alcoholism in the Native American population and looks to improved Indian education to improve the problem.
PBS
Wnet: Thirteen: Frontier Life: The Crow Indians and Montana Settlers
Find out how the Crow Indians were affected by the opening of the Montana Territory to white settlement. From a companion essay to the PBS series, Frontier House.
US National Archives
Our Documents: Treaty of Fort Laramie(1868)
Read and view a copy of the complete text of the treaty of Fort Laramie which recognized the Black Hills as part of the Sioux Reservation. Accompanying documentary explains how the treaty was broken as a result of the discovery of gold...
Nebraska Studies
Nebraska Studies: Tribes in Nebraska Give Up Lands in Treaties
Review this discourse of the many treaties enacted between the settlers and Native Americans during the development of the Great Plains, the problems that arose, and the creation of reservations.
Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica: 300 Women Who Changed History: Sarah Winnemucca
Encyclopedia Britannica provides a biography of Sarah Winnemucca, a Paiute Indian leader who protested the conditions found on Indian reservations in 1880.
Curated OER
Wikipedia: Wind River Indian Reservation
Peruse this brief summary of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, home to Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Indians.
Arizona State University
Jaie: Will We Meet the Challenge?
This site from Journal of American Indian Education provides the 1964 speech presented to the Governor's Interstate Indian Council describes reservation conditions and prospects, in light of the War on Poverty.
National Women's Hall of Fame
National Women's Hall of Fame: Sarah Winnemucca
The National Women's Hall of Fame offers a biography of the extraordinary life of Sarah Winnemucca of the Paiute Indians.
Arizona State University
Jaie: Community and School Service
This 1968 article from Journal of American Indian Education discusses the pioneer Indian school, Rough Rock Demonstration School, in which the reservation was given control of its own school.
Other
History Today: Native Americans and the Federal Government
Andrew Boxer traces the origins of a historical issue still as controversial and relevant today as in past centuries. At the start of the twentieth century there were approximately 250,000 Native Americans in the USA - just 0.3 per cent...
Countries and Their Cultures
Countries and Their Cultures: Maricopa
Learn about the culture of the American Indian group Maricopa. Explore topics such as their history, economy, cultural values, religion, and sociopolitical organization.
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