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Website
US Government Publishing Office

Ben's Guide to u.s. Government: The Articles of Confederation, 1781

For Students 6th - 8th Standards
Gives a nice history of the Articles and also a summary of what they were and the problems that developed with their adoption. Includes links to the actual document.
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Graphic
Utah State University

American Journey: Comparison of Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

For Students 9th - 10th
Two informative charts, one of which compares the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution, the other which lays out the positions of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists concerning the Constitution.
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Article
Siteseen

Siteseen: Land of the Brave: The Articles of Confederation

For Students 9th - 10th
This article summarizes the Articles of Confederation, its strengths and weaknesses, and how it led to the Constitution.
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Primary
University of Chicago

The Founders' Constitution: Deficiencies of the Articles of Confederation

For Students 9th - 10th
Primary source documents (letters) concerning the need for a central government written by Madison, Hamilton, Jay, and others.
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Whiteboard
ClassFlow

Class Flow: Georgia's Constitution and the Articles of Confederation

For Teachers 6th - 9th
[Free Registration/Login Required] This flipchart focuses on social studies skills by introducing students to Georgia's 1st Constitution and new United States' Articles of Confederation. Timelines are introduced where students add facts...
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Primary
University of Chicago

The Founders' Constitution: Deficiencies of the Confederation

For Students 9th - 10th
The University of Chicago provides a letter from Richard Henry Lee to George Mason in which Lee describes the financial problems the Confederation has run into and suggests minor reforms be made.
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Activity
Library of Congress

Loc: Creating a Constitution

For Students 9th - 10th
A brief article on the efforts of Charles Pinckney along with others to amend The Articles of Confederation. Includes links to original text of unsuccessful amendments to The Articles of Confederation
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Lesson Plan
Alabama Learning Exchange

Alex: Articles of Confederation

For Teachers 3rd - 5th
This lesson looks at the development of the constitutional government in the United States. Students use technology to explore history concepts.
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eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: Debating Democracy

For Students 11th - 12th Standards
By the end of this section of a chapter on "Creating Republican Governments," students will be able to explain the development of state constitutions, describe the features of the Articles of Confederation, and analyze the causes and...
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Unit Plan
C3 Teachers

C3 Teachers: Inquiries: Great Compromise

For Teachers 7th
A learning module on the Great Compromise and the role it played in developing the US Constitution in 1787. It includes several supporting questions accompanied by formative tasks and source materials, followed by a summative performance...
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Primary
Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History

Gilder Lehrman Institute: The New Nation, 1783 1815

For Students 9th - 10th
[Free Registration/Login Required] This website documents the United States through its struggles to become a new nation. Site includes primary source documents for the Articles of Confederation, US Constitutional Convention, and George...
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Primary
Yale University

Avalon Project: The Federalist Papers

For Students 9th - 10th
With this resource, you can search by keyword for particular subjects within the Federalist Papers, or you can access by number each of the Papers. Also available are links to four related documents: The Annapolis Convention, Articles of...
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Lesson Plan
iCivics

I Civics: The Constitutional Convention Mini Lesson

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Students explore how the U.S. government was created in the years following the Articles of Confederation.
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Lesson Plan
iCivics

I Civics: Trying Self Government

For Teachers 9th - 10th
For this lesson, students will learn about the Articles of Confederation's strengths and weaknesses as well as how it downfalls impacted the writing and ideas in the U.S. Constitution.
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Website
University of Groningen

American History: Outlines: Formation of a National Government

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from the American Revolution Project discusses the state of the union at the end of the Revolutionary War and how the events of the time led to the failure of the Continental Congress and the Articles of Confederation.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Articles of Confederation

For Students Pre-K - 1st
articles of confederation
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Primary
University of Chicago

The Founders' Constitution: Deficiencies of the Confederation

For Students 9th - 10th
The original text of a letter from Alexander Hamilton to Governor George Clinton of New York in 1778 complaining of inadequate material for the U.S. armed forces and perception of weakness by foreign powers.
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Website
Digital History

Digital History: The Road to Philadelphia [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th
The new United States government had many problems under the Articles of Confederation. Find out what these problems were, but also discover some of the successes accomplished under that constitution. [pdf]
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Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Evaluating the Congress

For Students 5th - 8th
Although there were some glaring weaknesses for the central government under the Articles of Confederation, there were some stunning accomplishments. Read about the successes and think about how important they were for the future of the...
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Website
Digital History

Digital History: The Age of Constitution Writing [Pdf]

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
See how colonial and state constitutions differed and how the idea of a social contract between a government and its citizens is reflected in the state constitutions. The second half of this site gives an abbreviated text of the Articles...
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Handout
The History Cat

The History Cat: The Constitutional Convention: Creating the Constitution

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains why the Articles of Confederation were not strong enough to hold the country together. One result was a farmers' rebellion in Massachusetts led by Daniel Shays, which was precipitated by a debt crisis that caused many farmers to...
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Primary
University of Chicago

The Founders' Constitution: Alexander Hamilton to James Duane

For Students 9th - 10th
The original text from the University of Chicago Press of a 1780 letter from Alexander Hamilton to James Duane, who later became a delegate to the Constitutional Convention, on the weaknesses of the existing U.S. government under the...
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Website
University of Groningen

American History: Outlines: Drafting the Constitution

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
Essay covers from the Articles of Confederation and the problems of disunity of the new states after the Revolutionary War, internally as well as externally, to the Constitutional Convention, an attempt to address the Articles' problems....
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Article
University of Chicago

The Founders' Constitution: Constitutional Convention: Introduction

For Students 9th - 10th
A lengthy and detailed article on the issues and events of the Constitutional Conventions in their attempt to amend and then replace the Articles of Confederation.