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Primary
Other

A Republic, if You Can Keep It

For Students 9th - 10th
An essay by U.S. Congressional Representative Ron Paul of Texas on the state of the American republic delivered at the dawn of the twenty-first century. He argues for the strong separation of powers among the three branches of government...
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Website
Other

Loyola Marymount University: Classicism

For Students 9th - 10th Standards
A broad site on this movement in the arts with references and links to many artists and philosophers.
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Handout
Able Media

Able media.com: Plato's Republic

For Students 9th - 10th
An informative and very helpful study guide from AbleMedia.com on Plato's Republic. After setting the work in its historical context, the site discusses Plato's relation to the Sophist philosophers. Includes a lengthy series of study...
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Activity
ReadWriteThink

Read Write Think: Ralph Waldo Emerson Activity

For Teachers 9th - 10th
A lesson/activity for students in honor of the American poet and philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson. From ReadWriteThink's calendar from May 25, 2007. Provides web links, a bibliography, and lesson plans.
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Handout
PBS

Pbs: American Novel: Literary Timeline: Literary Movements: Transcendentalism

For Students 9th - 10th
Background on the literary, religious, and philosophical movement known as Transcendentalism, including central beliefs and writers important to the movement.
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Website
Oregon State University

A Brief Life of Thomas Hobbes, 1588 1679

For Students 9th - 10th
This article surveys the life and work of the English philosopher John Hobbes (1588-1679).
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Website
Authors Calendar

Author's Calendar: Denis Diderot

For Students 9th - 10th
Encyclopedia entry about the French philosopher and writer. Features biographical information, including Diderot's education, philosophy, and major literary works.
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Website
Other

Atlantic Baptist: Pre Socratic Lectures: Empedocles

For Students 9th - 10th
Lecture notes on the Pre-Socratic philosopher Empedocles from a college philosophy class. Also includes some quotations as well as discussion questions in small rectangles within the notes.
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Website
Marxists Internet Archive

Marxists Internet Archive: Hegel by Hypertext

For Students 9th - 10th
Marxists.org provides full-text philosophical treatises by Hegel in English as well as related resources. Marxists consider Hegel as the inventor of dialectics and recognize his influence on Marx and Engels.
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Handout
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Magnet Academy: William Gilbert

For Students 9th - 10th
William Gilbert was an English physician and natural philosopher who wrote a six-volume treatise that compiled all of the information regarding magnetism and electricity known at the time. The work included descriptions of many of...
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Lesson Plan
Science Education Resource Center at Carleton College

Serc: Animal Rights and Welfare

For Teachers 9th - 10th
The relationship of animals and humans has been the subject of differing philosophical views for thousands of years. The controversy continues today in many aspects of contemporary life. Some people believe that a vegan lifestyle is the...
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Website
Academy of American Poets

Poets.org: Ralph Waldo Emerson

For Students 9th - 10th
This Poets.org entry for the 19th century American poet, essayist, and philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) provides biographical information, a select bibliography, and contemporary photograph as well as links to related writers...
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Article
Famous Scientists

Famous Scientists: Blaise Pascal

For Students 9th - 10th
Find out about the French philosopher and scientist who was one of the greatest and most influential mathematical writers of all time, Blaise Pascal.
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Article
Famous Scientists

Famous Scientists: Empedocles

For Students 9th - 10th
Meet Empedocles, the Greek philosopher who is best known for being the originator of the cosmogenic theory of the four Classical elements.
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Article
Famous Scientists

Famous Scientists: Ernst Mach

For Students 9th - 10th
Read about the life and work of this Austrian physicist and philosopher, known for his contributions to physics with the Mach number and the study of shock waves.
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Article
Other

Understanding Society: Sociology as a Social Science Discipline

For Students 9th - 10th
The unique nature of contemporary sociology as being innately interdisciplinary is discussed, and why this diversity is a good thing. Written by philosopher Daniel Little.
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Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Empedocles

For Students 9th - 10th
Article about the Greek philosopher Empedocles from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Includes a brief overview of his work and more detailed discussion of his two major works: "On Nature" and "Purifications."
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Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius

For Students 9th - 10th
An in-depth study of the Christian philosopher from the 6th century C.E. There is a comprehensive biographical sketch plus nice analysis of his major works and ideas.
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Handout
New Advent

Catholic Encyclopedia: Teaching of Moses Maimonides

For Students 9th - 10th
This site from The New Advent provides biographical background of Moses ben Maimon. Lists works he wrote and discusses his influence on philosophers. This article was written from a Catholic point of view. Please note that "The Catholic...
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Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Category Theory

For Students 9th - 10th
Explains major concepts in "category theory," a common alternative to traditional set theory. Some familiarity with the logical notation is assumed. Article does include sections on the history and general philosophical significance of...
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Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Dialetheism

For Students 9th - 10th
Describes the notion of "dialetheism," the logical theory of true contradictions. Explains its history of development, its philosophical consequences, and its significance for rationality. Excellent bibliography.
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Website
Stanford University

Stanford Encycl. Of Philosophy: Alfred North Whitehead

For Students 9th - 10th
A biography of Alfred North Whitehead. It lists major events of his life in a chronology, summarizes his philosophical influence, and provides a bibliography both of his own writings and of secondary sources about him.
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Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encycl. Of Philosophy: Epistemology of Religion

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent article examining several contemporary epistemological proposals for understanding "faith" philosophically. First discusses "evidentialism", then subjects it to critiques from several differing perpectives. Clearly written but...
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Handout
Stanford University

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Miracles

For Students 9th - 10th
Excellent essay from the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on the philosophical response to "miraculous" events. Discusses the issues at stake in theories of causation, as well as Hume's famous refutation of miracles. Includes lengthy...