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Handout
PBS

Pbs the West: Big Foot (?? 1890)

For Students 9th - 10th
This article focuses on the massacre of Chief Big Foot and his followers at the Massacre of Wounded Knee.
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Website
PBS

Pbs: New Perspectives on the West

For Students 9th - 10th
This in-depth resource presents a history of the American West from pre-Columbian times until World War I with profiles, documents, and images. It encourages visitors to link these into patterns of historical meaning for themselves....
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Website
Ibis Communications

Eye Witness to History: The Old West

For Students 9th - 10th
This resource provides first-hand accounts and background information on the Old West. Content touches on crossing the plains, cowboys, train robberies, Dalton Gang's Last Raid, Custer's Last Stand, the Death of Billy the Kid, and much...
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Unit Plan
Annenberg Foundation

Annenberg Learner: American Passages: Native Voices: Ghost Dance Songs

For Students 9th - 10th
A Native American Paiute man known as Wovoka, after seeing a vision, started the Ghost Dance religion which had many songs to carry on its oral tradition. Click on the tab "Ghost Dance Songs Activities" to explore activities and photos.
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eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: The Loss of American Indian Life and Culture

For Students 11th - 12th
Read this section from a chapter on "Westward Expansion" to learn about the methods that the U.S. government used to address the "Indian threat" during the settlement of the West and explain the process of "Americanization" as it applied...
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Unit Plan
PBS

Wnet: Thirteen: Freedom: A History of Us: Whose Land Is This? Webisode 8

For Students 9th - 10th
From Joy Hakim's marvelous set of books, A History of US, this webisode offers narrative, pictures, and teaching guides for the settling of the West after the Civil War.
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Primary
US Army Center

U.s. Army Center of Military History: Winning the West: The Army in the Indian Wars

For Students 9th - 10th
This is a chapter excerpt from a book on military history which details the role of the United States Army in the Indian Wars for the years 1865 to 1890.
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Website
Independence Hall Association

U.s. History: Closing the Frontier

For Students 5th - 8th
A brief look at the conflict between Native Americans in the last half of the 19th century. By the end of the century, Native Americans were relegated to reservation life. See how the struggle was fought and find out the advantages of...

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