Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The American Revolution in Pennsylvania
An essay describing the unique ways in which the American Revolution played out in Pennsylvania.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Signers of the Declaration: John Adams
This site provides an interactive biography of former President John Adams, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: African Americans in the British New World
Read about the transit of Africans from their homeland to the American British colonies to work on plantations in the south as part of leg in the triangular trade.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The End of the Cold War
Read about the surprising and swift collapse of the Soviet Union and its satellite countries beginning with Poland in 1989. Watch a map which shows the change from a single country, USSR, into many independent countries, and find out...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Foreign and Domestic Entanglements
Read about the many facets of Ronald Reagan's foreign policy during his presidency. Find out about support for anti-Communist fighters, detente with the USSR, and the Iran-Contra scandal.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: "Morning in America"
Read about the mood of the United States people in 1980, and see how Ronald Reagan's agenda reflected that mood.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The New Right
Read about the backlash against the freewheeling '60s and '70s with the growth of the New Right, a coalition of big business leaders, Christian Right, and even radical hatred groups.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Undoing a President
A good description of the Watergate affair, what led up to it, who was involved, and why it was such a big deal.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Flower Power
An interesting look at the counterculture of the 1960s and 1970s and what influence it had on popular culture.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Student Activism
A good look at the student activism of the Students for a Democratic Society and the philosophy behind this organization.
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U.s. History: Others Demand Equality
Many other groups learned how to push for their civil rights from African Americans' civil rights movement. Read about the Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and gays as they worked to achieve equal treatment under the law.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Environmental Reform
Environmental awareness in the United States became more focused upon the publication of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. Read about student protests, presidential legislation, and a new desire to protect the environment.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Modern Feminism
The beginning of the feminist movement in the early 1960s led to demands for equal treatment for women in many areas. Read about the literature, feminist leaders, and legislation that attempted to guide this movement.
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U.s. History: Tirangular Diplomacy: u.s., Ussr, and China
A discussion about Richard Nixon's foreign policies and his idea of triangular diplomacy where he used the rivalries between the USSR and China for U.S. advantage.
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U.s. History: 1968: Year of Unraveling
In 1968 Lyndon Johnson announced he would not run for re-election. Read about the turmoil at the Democratic National Convention, the third-party candidate, and Richard Nixon's election with a plurality of votes.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society"
President Lyndon Johnson launched his legislation plans for his "Great Society" soon after he became president. Read about the many pieces of legislation that were passed in just a few years. See what happened to tarnish Johnson's...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Kennedy Assassination
Read a brief description of the assassination of President John Kennedy and examine the many questions that remain about that death.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Kennedy's Global Challenge
The Cold War was still being waged during John Kennedy's administration. Read about the challenges he faced in Europe, Latin America, and, most ominously, in Cuba.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Kennedy's New Frontier
Read about John Kennedy's vision for America upon his becoming president. Find out about the space race with the Soviet Union, and expanded social programs for the poor and elderly in America.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The Election of 1960
Read about the campaign and election of 1960 in which the Democratic candidate, Senator John F. Kennedy, ran against the Repbulican candidate, Vice-President Richard M. Nixon. Find out about the issues, the famous debates, and Kennedy's...
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U.s. History: Years of Withdrawal
Winding down the war in Vietnam took several years. Read about Richard Nixon's plans for Vietnamization and "peace with honor." Find out how other events in Vietnam pushed the antiwar movement to even more demonstrations.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The Tet Offensive
The Tet Offensive showed the resolve of the Vietcong and the North Vietnamese. See how the continuing war, with no end in sight, began to shift public opinion away from support for the war, and read about how Lyndon Johnson made some...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Years of Escalation: 1965 1968
Read about how American involvement in the Vietnam War escalated after the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which essentially gave President Lyndon Johnson the ability to do whatever he thought necessary to defeat the North Vietnamese.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Early Involvement
The U.S. early involvement in Vietnam during the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations consisted of military aid to the doomed South Vietnamese government. Read about Ho Chi Minh and his leadership of North Vietnam.