Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The Vietnam War
An overview of the Vietnam War, including how the United States became involved, the eventual antiwar movement, and the outcome.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Black Power
The black power movement moved away from the nonviolence advocated by Martin Luther King, Jr. and his associates. Read about the formation of the Black Panther Party, and find their party platform. Take the brief quiz about history of...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The Long, Hot Summer
The "long, hot summer" in reality spread over several years of summers in the mid-1960s. Read about the Watts riots in 1965, and the reasons behind racial upheaval in hundreds of American cities over the next three years.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Gains and Pains
Read about the legal gains made by the civil rights movement, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, juxtaposed against the real-life actions meant to deny African Americans their right to racial equality not just legally, but...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The Sit in Movement
Just like the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the first sit-in at a Woolworth's lunch counter was the beginning of a nonviolent movement to challenge "white only" laws. Read about how the sit-in movement spread across the South. See how...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Showdown in Little Rock
Read about President Eisenhower's decision to send federal troops to Arkansas to enforce the desegregation of Central High School in Little Rock. See why that action was necessary, and how Central High School fit into the larger Civil...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Separate No Longer?
An explantion of how the Supreme Court decision in Brown v Board of Education of Topeka turned the concept of separate but equal on its head. See how they determined that the 14th Amendment was being violated when schools did not fund...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Voices Against Conformity
The decade of the 1950s was kown for conformity. There was an undercurrent of rebellion, especially among younger Americans. Read about the Beat Generation, alternative literature, rebellion in art, and treatment of those who were not...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History:the Cold War Continues
A comprehensive look at U.S. foreign policy during the Eisenhower administration. The Cold War was at its height, and the United States used many tactics to fight and contain the spread of Communism. Be sure to watch the cartoon of Bert...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Land of Television
The advent of increased television programming helped create a national popular culture. Read about the many kinds of television programs offered in the 1950s.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Mc Carthyism
Read about the dangers of paranoia when exercised by people of power. The witch-hunting of the McCarthy era made rash and false accusations against supposed Communist sympathizers that affected many lives.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The Berlin Airlift and Nato
President Harry Truman was determined to contain the Soviet sphere of influence in Europe. See how the United States and Great Britain stood up to Stalin's attempt to take over West Berlin by blockading access to the city. Understand why...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Containment and the Marshall Plan
Read about President Truman's two-pronged foreign policy for Europe. Find out about his containment policy and the Truman Doctrine, which was manifested in the Marshall Plan.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The Cold War Erupts
World War II ended in 1945 and the Cold War began immediately. Read about the mistrust Western Europe and the United States felt towards the Soviet Union and Joseph Stalin. Learn how the Soviets expanded their realm of influence and...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Postwar Challenges
A brief survey of the beginning of the Cold War and the challenges that faced the United States in confronting communist totalitarianism.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: War in the Pacific
The war in the Pacific raged throughout World War II. Read about the Japanese early successes, and see how the American troops recaptured and moved closer to Japan at the end of the war.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Wartime Stategy
Initial focus by the Americans in World War II was containing Germany. Read about the Allied war stategy to "close the ring" and deprive Germany of men and materiel.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: America in the Second World War
A brief description of the course of World War II in both Europe and the Pacific. Read about the new technologies developed for the military by both the Allies and Axis powers, and find out about the millions who died as a result of the...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The Arsenal of Democracy
Although Americans remained isolationist in their thinking, President Roosevelt understood that the European allies needed help against the Germans. Read about the incremental ways America became involved in World War II in Europe...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: War Breaks Out
A brief look at the expansionist moves of Japan in China, including a description of the Rape of Nanking. Also read about the military expansionism in Europe and Africa by both Germany and Italy, finally resulting in a declaration of war...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: 1930s Isolationism
Read about the ways the American government and people looked inward during the 1930s, isolating themselves from actions taking place in Europe and Asia.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: The Road to Pearl Harbor
A brief overview of the decade prior to the American entrance into World War II. Read about the rise in militarism in both Europe and Japan.
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: Middle Colonies: New Netherland to New York
Ironically, Henry Hudson, English explorer, was in the employ of the Dutch West India Company when he explored what is now the New York area. Read about the colony the Dutch established at the mouth of the Hudson River and see how the...
Independence Hall Association
U.s. History: An Evaluation of the New Deal
No discussion about the Great Depression can be complete without a look at the legacy of Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal programs. Read about the changes and effects on the economy brought about by the programs, but see what...