Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Velocities of Gas Molecules and Boltzmann Distribution
The General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, or Chem 1, is broken into several sections covering various aspects of topics related to chemistry. This section deals with both Boltzmann Distribution and the velocity of gas molecules.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Derivation of the Ideal Gas Equation of State
The General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, or Chem 1, is broken into several sections covering various aspects of topics related to chemistry. This section deals with the ideal gas equation and provides a series of formulas related to the...
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Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Liquids and Their Vapors [Pdf]
With an overview of the various properties of the states of matter, this 18 page pdf file provides a series of topics related to liquids including special physical properties of liquids, changes of state, and more.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Models of Chemical Bonding: Why Do Chemical Bonds Form?
This extensive overview on chemical bonding seeks initially to answer the question, why do chemical bonds form? Information is provided on classical models of chemical bonding and quantum mechanical models of the chemical bond.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Models of Chemical Bonding: Why Do Atoms Join Together?
The General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, or Chem 1, is broken into several sections covering various aspects of topics related to chemistry. This section deals with chemical bonds and seeks to answer the question, why do chemical bonds form?
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: The Octet Rule
The General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, or Chem 1, is broken into several sections covering various aspects of topics related to chemistry. This section deals with the history and uses of the octet rule. Biographical information on G.N....
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: The Valence Bond Model
The General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, or Chem 1, is broken into several sections covering various aspects of topics related to chemistry. This section deals with hybrid orbitals and specifically the valence bond model.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Hybrid Types and Multiple Bonds
The General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, or Chem 1, is broken into several sections covering various aspects of topics related to chemistry. Acting as a second part to a discussion on hybrid types of bonding, this site specifically...
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Molecular Orbitals
Acting as an overview from the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site explores the topics related to molecular orbitals including bonding and antibonding MOs, molecular orbital diagrams, sigma and pi orbitals, and more.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Sigma and Pi Orbitals
Acting as an overview from the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site explores sigma and pi orbitals covering topics such as the importance of direction, splitting patterns for the second row diatomics, Dicarbon, Dioxygen, and more.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: What Is Equilibrium?
Acting as an overview from the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site sets down a definition of equilibrium and defines several types including mechanical equilibrium, thermal equilibrium, and chemical equilibrium.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: What Is the Le Chatelier Principle?
Acting as an overview from the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site seeks to answer the question, what is the le Chatelier Principle and why is it important? The site provides the Le Chatelier's Principle in Le Chatelier's own...
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: The Haber Process
Acting as an overview from the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site explores the Haber process and provides specific information on Fritz Haber. Carl Bosch and his work in relation to Haber's is also discussed.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: How to Write Equilibrium Expressions
Acting as an overview from the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site explores a range of topics related to equilibrium expressions including concentrations and pressures in equilibrium expressions, unchanging concentrations,...
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Equilibrium Calculations
Acting as an overview from the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site explores a range of topics related to equilibrium constants including measuring and calculating equilibrium constants, calculating equilibrium compositions from...
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: The Physical Meaning of Entropy
With an overview of topics related to chemical equilibrium, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and its relation to entropy. Other topics covered include entropy and disorder, absolute entropies, and more.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: What Is a Heat Engine and Why Should You Care?
With an overview of topics related to chemical equilibrium, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and heat engines. Other topics covered include the fall of heat, nuclear plants, and more.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Free Energy and Equilibrium
With an overview of topics related to chemical equilibrium, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and free energy. Topics covered include the equilibrium constant, equilibrium and temperature, coupled reactions,...
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: The Equilibrium Constant
With an overview of topics related to chemical equilibrium, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and equilibrium. Included in the discussion with the equilibrium constant are topics such as equilibrium and...
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Colligative Properties of Solutions
With an overview of topics related to chemical equilibrium, this site provides a foundation to a study of thermodynamics and colligative properties. Other topics covered include osmotic pressure, entropy, free energy, and more.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Formation and Evolution of the Earth
As part of the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site examines a variety of topics related to the Earth. Topics covered in the discussion include formation of the solar system, the planets, the continents, primary differentiation...
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Chemistry and Geochemistry of the Oceans
As part of the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site examines a variety of topics related to the oceans. Topics covered include composition of seawater, conservative and non-conservative substances, organic matter, and more.
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Origin and Evolution of the Atmosphere
As part of the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site examines a variety of topics related to the Earth's atmosphere. Included in the discussion are topics such as prebiotic atmosphere, origin of atmospheric oxygen, carbon...
Simon Fraser University
Chem1 Virtual Textbook: Chemical Budgets of Oceanic Elements
As part of the General Chemistry Virtual Textbook, this site examines a variety of topics related to the elements of the oceans. Topics covered include Phosphorus, Carbon, Bicarbonate, Calcite, and more.