Map of Africa in 1897 showing European colonial possessions and spheres of influence, and the independent territories at the time. The map is color-coded to show the areas controlled by the British, French, German, Turkish, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish, and the independent countries and areas of Liberia, Morocco, Abyssinia, Dafur, Wadai, Kanem, Congo Free State, Orange State, and South African Free State.