A map of Ireland from the latter period of the English Pale (1492) to the time of Elizabeth and James I (1558-1625). The English "Pale" referred to the English controlled lands of Ireland, which by 1492 had been reduced, as shown on the map, to the area around Dublin and Drogheda. The map also shows the territories controlled by the Tudors under Queen Elizabeth and later under James I, King of Ireland, and the districts "planted (i.e. confiscated & settled by English & Scots)" at the time of Elizabeth and James I. The map shows the four provinces of Ireland (Ulster, Connaught, Leinster, and Munster), major cities, ports, and rivers, and the site of the Battle of Boyne (1690), between the Catholic King James and Protestant King William.