OpenStax
Open Stax: Indian Removal
By reading this section of a chapter on "Jacksonian Democracy," students will be able to explain the legal wrangling that surrounded the Indian Removal Act and describe how depictions of Indians in popular culture helped lead to Indian...
US National Archives
Our Documents:president Jackson's Message to Congress 'On Indian Removal' (1830)
On December 6, 1830, President Jackson spoke to Congress about his position on relocating Indians in order to make way for settlers in the west. This paved the way for government policy in dealing with native peoples even after his...
Smithsonian Institution
Smithsonian: National Museum of the American Indian: The Removal Act
At first, the Trail of Tears only described the Cherokee removal of 1838. Later it included the removals of all southeastern Native nations. Take a close look at these primary sources from the Smithsonian which include a reproduction of...
US National Archives
Our Documents: President Andrew Jackson's Message, 'On Indian Removal'
Interactive image of the original document through which President Andrew Jackson called for "Indian Removal," in 1830. Includes transcription as well as background and overview of the text and results of the Indian Removal policy.
Digital History
Digital History: Indian Removal
The Indian Removal policy was inhumane and without empathy for the Native Americans who were forced from their lands. Read about the attempts to enforce federal treaties and the final removal of three major tribes from the Southeast.
Missouri State University
Delaware Town: Removal Era
Discussion of the removal of American Indians living east of the Mississippi River beginning in the late 1700s. Initially, these removals were voluntary, resulting from treaty negotiations. In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal...
Mount Holyoke College
International Relations: Andrew Jackson's Case for the Removal of Indians
Here, read the text to President Jackson's "First Annual Message to Congress, 8 December 1830," in which Jackson argues for the removal of Native Americans.
PBS
Pbs Learning Media: Cherokee Nation: Virtual Field Trip
An in-depth look at the lives of the Cherokee Indians, from their first encounters with Europeans to events, such as the Gold Rush and the signing of the Indian Removal Act by Andrew Jackson, that led to their forced relocation to Indian...
Ohio State University
Osu History Teaching Institute: Indian Removal
This lesson looks at the process whereby a policy of assimilation gave way to one of overt removal under President Jackson.
Other
Family Search: Creek Indians
This website provides a fairly comprehensive look at the Creek Indians including a brief history, a timeline, birth and death records, references, and links to historical records. These records include: census data, and information from...
Lin and Don Donn
Mrdonn.org: Daily Life in Olden Times: Southeast Cherokee Indians
Lesson and resources on the history of the Cherokee Indian tribe.
Annenberg Foundation
Annenberg Learner: Reading Like a Historian
During this 8-day unit, students will engage in collecting text evidence and then writing about their findings. They will answer the following question with credible, well-explained evidence: Why did Andrew Jackson and Elias Boudinot...
A&E Television
History.com: Native American History Timeline
Before Christopher Columbus came to America, the expansive territory was inhabited by Native Americans. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, as more explorers sought to colonize their land, Native Americans responded in various...
PBS
Pbs: Virtual Field Trip: Cherokee Nation
The Cherokee Nation virtual field trip affords an in-depth look at the lives of the Cherokee Indians, from their first encounters with Europeans to events, such as the Gold Rush and the signing of the Indian Removal Act by Andrew...
Other
Eastern Band of Cherokee: History and Culture
A brief history of the Cherokee tribe in the southwest United States, its culture, government, and religion. Find out about the Cherokee who were subject to the Indian Removal Act of 1830, and see how the Cherokee in North Carolina have...
Other
Cincinnati Arts Association: Native American Heritage [Pdf]
This study guide, originally designed to accompany an artist-in-the-schools outreach program, can be used to teach about hidden Native communities that populated the Ohio region after the Indian Removal Act of 1830.
University of Virginia
Miller Center at Uva: u.s. Presidents: Andrew Jackson: Domestic Affairs
A comprehensive overview of the domestic issues facing Andrew Jackson in his presidency, from the "spoils system" to veto of the bank recharter to his Indian removal policy.
Georgia Humanities Council and the University of Georgia Press.
New Georgia Encyclopedia: Cherokee Removal
Reveals the story behind the forced removal of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Indian Territory in present day Oklahoma.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy: Ap Us History: 1865 1898: Indian Wars and Battle of Little Bighorn
Discusses the series of events and conflicts in the Indian Wars that culminated in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, or Custer's Last Stand. Includes questions for students at end.
Digital Public Library of America
Dpla: Cherokee Removal and the Trail of Tears
The sources in this primary set uses documents, images, and music to reveal the story of Cherokee removal, which is part of a larger story known as the Trail of Tears. Includes teaching guide.
PBS
Pbs: Indian Territory
This site from PBS provides a short description and map of "the Indian Territory set aside by the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and the areas designated for each tribe."
Northern Arizona University
Overview of Federal Indian Policy [Pdf]
Since the United States became a nation, federal Indian policy has seen many significant changes. Some of the shifts in policy may, at first glance, seem rather contradictory. However, when considering the underlying assumptions and when...
Digital History
Digital History: Georgia and the Cherokees [Pdf]
The Cherokee nation was one of the Five Civilized Tribes in the Southeast. Read about their achievements, the state of Georgia's attempts to annex their lands, and ultimately, President Andrew Jackson's Indian Removal Bill. [pdf]
Other
Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma: Government Throughout the Years
A wealth of information on the evolution of the Choctaw Nation's government from pre-removal to post-removal to having its own tribal Constitution. Copies of the numerous treaties the Choctaw made with the European settlers' government...
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