Bodil Mimi Krogh Schmidt-Nielsen (b. 1918), with her children (left to right) Mimi (age 5), Bent (age 9), and Astrid (age 11). They are shown examining study materials to be taken on an African expedition. The caption provided with the photograph stated: "A year in the Sahara Desert won't mean a vacation from school for the Schmidt-Nielsen children. While their parents conduct research on camels, the children will learn the three R's by correspondence courses." The daughter of renowned Danish physiologists August and Marie Krogh, Schmidt-Nielsen's early work focused on calcium and phosphorus metabolism. In 1946, she became the first person to receive the new Doctor of Odontology degree from the University of Copenhagen (she also received a Ph.D. from the University of Copenhagen, in 1955). As a research professor at Duke University (1952-1964), she studied fluid and ion balance and renal physiology in invertebrates as well as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals