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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Outlines: Constitutional Convention

For Students 9th - 10th
George Washington wrote of the period between the Treaty of Paris and the writing of the Constitution that the states were united only by a "rope of sand."Disputes between Maryland and Virginia over navigation on the Potomac River led to...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Richard Bassett 1745 1815

For Students 9th - 10th
Bassett (Basset) was born in Cecil County, MD., in April 1745. After his tavern-keeper father deserted his mother, he was reared by a relative, Peter Lawson, from whom he later inherited Bohemia Manor (MD.) estate. He read for the law at...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Gunning Bedford, Jr. 1747 1812

For Students 9th - 10th
Bedford was born in 1747 at Philadelphia and reared there. The fifth of seven children, he was descended from a distinguished family that originally settled in Jamestown, VA. He usually referred to himself as Gunning Bedford, Jr., to...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: John Blair 1732 1800

For Students 9th - 10th
Scion of a prominent Virginia family, Blair was born at Williamsburg in 1732. He was the son of John Blair, a colonial official and nephew of James Blair, founder and first president of the College of William and Mary. Signer Blair...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: William Blount 1749 1800

For Students 9th - 10th
William Blount was the great-grandson of Thomas Blount, who came from England to Virginia soon after 1660 and settled on a North Carolina plantation. William, the eldest in a large family, was born in 1749 while his mother was visiting...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: David Brearly 1745 1790

For Students 9th - 10th
Brearly (Brearley) was descended from a Yorkshire, England, family, one of whose members migrated to New Jersey around 1680. Signer Brearly was born in 1745 at Spring Grove near Trenton, was reared in the area, and attended but did not...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Pierce Butler 1744 1822

For Students 9th - 10th
One of the most aristocratic delegates at the convention, Butler was born in 1744 in County Carlow, Ireland. His father was Sir Richard Butler, member of Parliament and a baronet.
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Daniel Carroll, 1730 1796

For Students 9th - 10th
Daniel Carroll was member of a prominent Maryland family of Irish descent. A collateral branch was led by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the Declaration of Independence. Daniel's older brother was John Carroll, the first Roman...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: George Clymer 1739 1813

For Students 9th - 10th
Clymer was orphaned in 1740, only a year after his birth in Philadelphia. A wealthy uncle reared and informally educated him and advanced him from clerk to full-fledged partner in his mercantile firm, which on his death he bequeathed to...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: William Richardson Davie 1756 1820

For Students 9th - 10th
One of the eight delegates born outside of the thirteen colonies, Davie was born in Egremont, Cumberlandshire, England, on June 20, 1756. In 1763 Archibald Davie brought his son William to Waxhaw, SC, where the boy's maternal uncle,...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Thomas Fitzsimons 1741 1811

For Students 9th - 10th
Fitzsimons (FitzSimons; Fitzsimmons) was born in Ireland in 1741. Coming to America about 1760, he pursued a mercantile career in Philadelphia. The next year, he married Catherine Meade, the daughter of a prominent local merchant, Robert...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Nicholas Gilman 1755 1814

For Students 9th - 10th
Member of a distinguished New Hampshire family and second son in a family of eight, Nicholas Gilman was born at Exeter in 1755. He received his education in local schools and worked at his father's general store. When the War for...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Jared Ingersoll 1749 1822

For Students 9th - 10th
The son of Jared Ingersoll, Sr., a British colonial official and later prominent Loyalist, Ingersoll was born at New Haven, CT, in 1749. He received an excellent education and graduated from Yale in 1766. He then oversaw the financial...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: John Lansing Jr. 1754 1829

For Students 9th - 10th
On January 30, 1754, John Lansing was born in Albany, NY, to Gerrit Jacob and Jannetje Lansing. At age 21 Lansing had completed his study of the law and was admitted to practice. In 1781 he married Cornelia Ray. They had 10 children, 5...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: William Livingston 1723 1790

For Students 9th - 10th
Livingston was born in 1723 at Albany, NY. His maternal grandmother reared him until he was 14, and he then spent a year with a missionary among the Mohawk Indians. He attended Yale and graduated in 1741.
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Luther Martin 1748 1826

For Students 9th - 10th
Like many of the delegates to the Constitutional Convention, Luther Martin attended the College of New Jersey (later Princeton), from which he graduated with honors in 1766. Though born in Brunswick, NJ., in 1748, Martin moved to...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: James Mc Henry

For Students 9th - 10th
McHenry was born at Ballymena, County Antrim, Ireland, in 1753. He enjoyed a classical education at Dublin, and emigrated to Philadelphia in 1771. The following year, the rest of his family came to the colonies, and his brother and...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: John Francis Mercer 1759 1821

For Students 9th - 10th
John Francis Mercer, born on May 17, 1759, was the fifth of nine children born to John and Ann Mercer of Stafford County, VA. He attended the College of William and Mary, and in early 1776 he joined the 3d Virginia Regiment. Mercer...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Thomas Mifflin 1744 1800

For Students 9th - 10th
A member of the fourth generation of a Pennsylvania Quaker family who had emigrated from England, Mifflin was born at Philadelphia in 1744, the son of a rich merchant and local politician. He studied at a Quaker school and then at the...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Gouverneur Morris 1752 1816

For Students 9th - 10th
Of French and English descent, Morris was born at Morrisania estate, in Westchester (present Bronx) County, NY, in 1752. His family was wealthy and enjoyed a long record of public service. His elder half-brother, Lewis, signed the...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: Robert Morris 1734 1806

For Students 9th - 10th
Morris was born at or near Liverpool, England, in 1734. When he reached 13 years of age, he emigrated to Maryland to join his father, a tobacco exporter at Oxford, Md. After brief schooling at Philadelphia, the youth obtained employment...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: William Leigh Pierce 1740 1789

For Students 9th - 10th
Very little is known about William Pierce's early life. He was probably born in Georgia in 1740, but he grew up in Virginia. During the Revolutionary War Pierce acted as an aide-de-camp to Gen. Nathanael Greene and eventually attained...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: George Read 1733 1798

For Students 9th - 10th
Read's mother was the daughter of a Welsh planter, and his Dublin-born father a landholder of means. Soon after George's birth in 1733 near the village of North East in Cecil County, MD, his family moved to New Castle, DE, where the...
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Handout
University of Groningen

American History: Biographies: John Rutledge 1739 1800

For Students 9th - 10th
John Rutledge, elder brother of Edward Rutledge, signer of the Declaration of Independence, was born into a large family at or near Charleston, SC, in 1739. He received his early education from his father, an Irish immigrant and...