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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Instructions, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
Three maps of European settlement in Virginia, the Pacific Northwest, and the Spanish New World, and the accompanying official instructions from lenders and monarchs about the obligations, opportunities, and hopes that those...
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Missions, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
A Spanish Franciscan and a French Jesuit report on the reciprocal relationship between natives and Catholic missionaries as Europeans settled New France and New Spain.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Questions & Answers, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
An online exhibition of images of European settlement to accompany two English, a French, and a Dutch set of promotional accounts that offer advice, encouragement, and occasional warning to prospective immigrants to newly settled areas...
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Article
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Indian Relations, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
One modern historical assessment and several original accounts of the mistrust, negotiations, alliances, trading, and disease transmission between European colonizers and native peoples in North America.
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Article
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Indian Wars, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Students 9th - 10th
Five documents representing the full range of Indian-European antagonisms, struggles for power, and outright warfare among the Spanish, Pueblo, Wampanoag, English, and French in New Spain, New France, New Mexico, and New England.
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Primary
National Humanities Center

National Humanities Center: Toolbox Library: Hardships, American Beginnings: 1492 1690

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Three English, a French, and a Spanish primary account of the staggering losses, misery, and deprivation that characterized early European settlement as well as the resilience needed to overcome those challenges.
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Website
University of Groningen

American History: Essays: Europe's North South Conflicts Reach the Americas

For Students 9th - 10th
An essay detailing early English and French exploration and settlement in the New World to challenge Spanish control.
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Website
Ducksters

Ducksters: Renaissance for Kids: Age of Exploration and Discovery

For Students 1st - 9th
Kids learn about the Age of Exploration and Discovery of the European Renaissance including Henry the Navigator, Columbus, Portugal, and Spain.
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Article
Khan Academy

Khan Academy: French and Dutch Exploration in the New World

For Students 9th - 10th
An overview of the French, Dutch, and English explorers in the late 1500's and early 1600's.
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Handout
Other

Planet Explorers: Captain James Cook (1728 1779)

For Students 3rd - 8th
Famous for cartography and exploration of the Pacific and Antarctic, Planet Explorers provides a brief biography of Captain James Cook.
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Graphic
Curated OER

Etc: Early Discoveries and Explorations, 1497 1621

For Students 9th - 10th
A map of the eastern coast of North America showing early European exploration from the voyages of Cabot (1497 and 1498) to the founding of New Netherlands in 1621. The map shows voyage routes, coastal features, rivers, and settlements...
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eBook
OpenStax

Open Stax: Europe on the Brink of Change

For Students 11th - 12th
From a chapter on "The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492," this section describes the European societies that engaged in conversion, conquest, and commerce and discusses the motives for and mechanisms of early European exploration.
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Website
Other

Tampa Bay History Center

For Students 9th - 10th
This museum has exhibits on the history of the Tampa Bay area. You can explore the offerings there but the exhibits are not online themselves. What is helpful though is the historical information in the Tampa Bay History Journal, which...
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Article
State Library of North Carolina

N Cpedia: Improvements in Transportation: Post American Revolution to Civil War

For Students 9th - 10th
From the earliest days of European exploration, the land and waterways seemed to do their best to frustrate growth and movement in what was to become North Carolina. In its natural condition, the area was just not an easy place to get...
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Graphic
Curated OER

Giacomo Gastaldi, La Nuova Francia

For Students 9th - 10th
Thirty two primary sources-historical documents, literary texts, and visual images-that explore the expectations and the realities of European exploration of the New World.
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Handout
PBS

Empire of the Bay: Sir Martin Frobisher

For Students 9th - 10th
Read through the biography of Martin Frobisher to find out his importance in Canadian history.
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Website
Pamela Seed

The Art and Science of Fifteenth Century Navigation: Latitude

For Students 9th - 10th
Chronicle of the changes that occurred in various areas when latitude was identified in 1516. Site includes links to the changes in maps, compass roses, and the science of sailing.
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Website
University of Calgary

University of Calgary: Africa the Search for Gold and Slaves

For Students 9th - 10th
Historical background of the reasons for European exploration of Africa. Tutorial Links to further European trade and exploration.
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Handout
Encyclopedia Britannica

Encyclopedia Britannica: Jacques Cartier

For Students 9th - 10th
Biographical information on French explorer, Jacque Cartier. Cartier is particularly recognized for his contributions of European exploration in Canada in the 16th century.
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Website
Library of Congress

Loc: Mediterranean World on the Eve of Conquest

For Students 9th - 10th
The Library of Congress provides an essay on the reasons for exploration during the 15th century.
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Lesson Plan
George Mason University

Chnm: Differences Among Colonial Regions

For Teachers 9th - 10th
Learners will explore the differences among the three colonial regions of New England, Mid-Atlantic/Middle, and the Southern colonies. In small groups for each region, students will observe and note details of pictures, maps, and...
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Website
Minneapolis Institute of Arts

The Minneapolis Institute of Arts: Modernism

For Students 9th - 10th
The Minneapolis Institute of Arts provides a fun and interesting site to explore! Click on a time period to view examples and descriptions of various pieces of art from the modernism period. To see a larger image and more information of...
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Unit Plan
PBS

Pbs: The Conquistadors

For Students 9th - 10th
A huge website that provides a virtual field trip exploring the Spanish adventurers who quested for gold and land in the New World. The site has information on Pizarro, Orellana, Cabeza de Vaca, Cortes as well as extensive information...
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Unit Plan
Virginia Tech

Digital History Reader: Demographic Catastrophe: Native Population

For Students 9th - 10th
When Christopher Columbus discovered the New World he and his entourage brought with them not only the views of Europeans, but also diseases of Europeans. This was catastrophic to the natives in the Caribbean Islands and Meso-America as...

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